Environmentally benign fabrication of SnO2-CNT nanohybrids and their multifunctional efficiency as an adsorbent, catalyst and antimicrobial agent for water decontamination

Abstract

Herein, we described a biogenic, additive fee, eco-friendly synthesized SnO2-CNT nanohybrid as an efficient, re-collectable and reusable material for onsite water remediation. We demonstrated that the SnO2-CNTs can provide a one stop solution for water remediation as it effectively accomplished the major treatment tasks like adsorption, catalytic transformation/degradation and disinfection. The structural, morphological, surface chemical compositions of the nanocomposite and the adsorption, catalytic and antimicrobial properties were investigated using common characterization and instrumental techniques. The results revealed the brilliant efficiency of SnO2-CNT nanoadsorbent towards As (III) and a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 106.95 mg/g was observed at high arsenite concentration (C0 = 1 mg/L). The nanoadsorbent was also found to be equally efficient in low arsenite concentration ranges (C0 = 100 μg/L) as it could bring down the arsenic concentration below maximum permissible limit. Moreover, using model pollutants like p-nitrophenol, Alizarin red S, Metronidazole, bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia etc.), and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans), the multifunctional capability of SnO2-CNT towards water decontamination has been established. Our results suggested the promising potential of hierarchical nano-heterojunctions for engineering efficient water treatment processes.

Incorporation of Anatase TiO2 to Highly Porous Silica (BMMs) for Photo‐Degradation of Alizarin Red Dye in Aqueous Solution

“…Additionally, Figure S5 revealed LC‐MS spectra of degraded AR dye solution, corresponding to various intermediates at different time of 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min (analysis conditions: voltage=135 V, volume=1 μL), while their corresponding retention time were shown in Figure S6. In which, the major degraded fragments confirmed as, 1 (1,4‐Dihydroxy‐9,10‐dioxo‐2‐anthracenesulfonic acid sodium, m/z 342), 2 (1,4‐Dihydroxy‐9,10‐dioxo‐2‐anthracenesulfonic acid sodium, m/z 304), 3 (1,5‐dihydroxyanthracene‐9,10‐dione, m/z 239), 4 (3,6‐Dihydroxyphthalic acid in radical form, m/z 196), 5 (phthalic acid radical, m/z 165) and 6 (CO 2 , m/z 44), similar to reported literature [64–67] …”

“…While, the intermediate (4) was highly unstable and under goes many steps of radical attacked and form (5) and at last (6) compounds. However, poly‐hydroxylated intermediate also under goes cleavage and ultimately mineralization [65] …”

“…In which, the major degraded fragments confirmed as, 1 (1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonic acid sodium, m/z 342), 2 (1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonic acid sodium, m/z 304), 3 (1,5-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione, m/z 239), 4 (3,6-Dihydroxyphthalic acid in radical form, m/z 196), 5 (phthalic acid radical, m/z 165) and 6 (CO 2 , m/z 44), similar to reported literature. [64][65][66][67] Therefore, Figure 8 illustrated the proposed degradation pathway of the AR dye in aqueous solution under Uvirradiation, as follow: The initial step in AR dye degradation is the removal of sulphonic group from AR molecule (1) via formation of some intermediates (2) and (3). [68] Subsequently, the hydroxyl radical attacked CÀ C bond as a result formed intermediates (4) and poly-hydroxyl intermediates.…”

“…However, poly-hydroxylated intermediate also under goes cleavage and ultimately mineralization. [65]…”

Facile flexible sensors based on CNT-metal oxide nanocomposites for CO2 sensing

“…The material peaks are indexed using standard JCPDF database to identify the phases present. The crystallite size of the nanomaterials was estimated from the broadened peaks using the Debye-Scherrer equation [27] 𝐷 = 𝑘𝜆 𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 where D is the grain diameter, k is the shape factor(k=0.89), 𝝀is the X-ray wavelength of Cu K-𝛼radiation (0.154 nm), 𝜃is the Bragg angle and B is the experimental full-width half maximum of the respective diffraction peak.…”