Environmentalism of African Americans

Parker, Julia Dawn; McDonough, Maureen H.

doi:10.1177/00139169921972047

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Theories of barriers to participation appear to explain this aspect of our results well: practice is constrained by access to resources, and as the distribution of social and economic goods becomes increasingly unequal, the capacity of marginalized groups to practice permaculture is progressively curtailed (Parker and McDonough 1999). This is an unsurprising but nevertheless important finding for practitioners and advocates of grassroots transition networks such as permaculture.…”

Section: Costs and Yields Of Practicementioning

confidence: 72%

“…It is likely that participants' level of engagement (Parker and McDonough 1999) with permaculture is driven by an experience of empowerment (Smith 2002). The "simple solutions populism" of permaculture (Ferguson and Lovell 2014:267) suggests that the best responses to global crises can be implemented immediately with readily accessible materials and skills.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of theories of biographical availability, barriers to participation, and postmaterialist values, we might expect that increasing indicators of socioeconomic status and human development would drive increasing intensity of involvement along professional and relational roles as well, i.e., more affluence equals more participation (Parker and McDonough 1999, Dunlap and York 2008, Xiao and McCright 2014. The variation in the effects of relative income, homeownership, and education, across dimensions of participation and structural factors, supports a framework that distinguishes between cultural and material components of SES on one hand and dimensions of engagement on the other.…”

Section: Subjective Values Objective Buffersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerging from research in the U.S., subcultural explanations look to differences in beliefs and values between minority ethnic groups and the white majority to explain patterns in participation (Parker and McDonough 1999). This body of research offers few definitive answers, however, and many contradictory findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some scholars link this confusion to the wide variety of definitions, framings, and scales being deployed in these studies, suggesting the unsurprising irony that differing beliefs and values are embedded in the design of research intended to address differences in beliefs and values (Johnson et al 2004, Li andWehr 2007). Barriers to participation theories integrate aspects of cultural and material explanation (Adams 1992, Parker andMcDonough 1999). Barriers theories assume that environmental values are similar across groups, and that differences in participation are driven by histories of http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol20/iss4/art39/ oppression and exclusion, bias within white-dominated environmental movements, and feelings of powerlessness among marginalized groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grassroots engagement with transition to sustainability: diversity and modes of participation in the international permaculture movement

Ferguson¹,

Lovell²

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Grassroots networks and social movements are increasingly regarded as agents of change that can help respond to environmental degradation both by generating novel solutions to existing problems and influencing institutions toward more substantive responses. We examine permaculture, an international movement that, despite its broad international distribution and relatively high public profile, has received little systematic scrutiny in the scientific literature. We attempt to remedy that gap by conducting a broad international (though English-only) survey of 731 permaculture participants, and assessing the socio-demographic characteristics of the movement. The survey examined self-identified roles of permaculture participants and explored the relationships between those roles and socio-demographic factors race, gender, and socioeconomic status. The influence of structural factors on participant roles was examined by including multidimensional national indices development, inequality, and ecosystem vitality, for the 45 countries in the sample. Results showed the participation of women at or above parity (53%), while participation by race showed a white supermajority (96%). Multivariate regression demonstrated that race, gender, and socioeconomic status are shaping participation in distinct ways and that each interact with structural factors. The effects of gender on social roles varied with ecosystem vitality, with women scoring higher than men in countries with high levels of ecosystem vitality, and the reverse where ecosystem vitality was low. The observed effect of race on practice varied with national inequality, such that the scores of respondents of color were equivalent to white respondents in countries with the least inequality, but descended as inequality increased, while whites were unaffected. Different indicators of socioeconomic status depressed and amplified different dimensions of participation. Results point toward a theoretical framework that identifies multiple levels and sites through which socio-demographic factors shape participation in grassroots environmental action, and the outlines of such a framework are discussed.

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Section: Costs and Yields Of Practicementioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjective Values Objective Buffersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grassroots engagement with transition to sustainability: diversity and modes of participation in the international permaculture movement

Ferguson¹,

Lovell²

2015

E&S

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Reaching Underserved Populations through a Fisheries Education Program

Clark¹,

Pender

Peterson

et al. 2020

Fisheries

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Environmentally literate citizens capable of making informed decisions are essential to successfully managed fisheries. Fisheries‐focused environmental education programs may help build environmental literacy, but experimental evaluations are needed to determine the effectiveness of fisheries education programs. We begin addressing this need with a study of “Shad in the Classroom.” The program engages students in American Shad Alosa sapidissima restoration through rearing and releasing fry. We used a pre/post, treatment (n = 777)/control (n = 57) evaluation during the 2016–2017 academic year. Participation in the program created large improvements in American Shad knowledge between tests (P < 0.001). All students gained knowledge, but African Americans (P < 0.001) and students identifying as “other” races and ethnicities (P = 0.003) fell behind their peers. Shad in the Classroom is an effective tool for teaching children about fisheries management but, may help ethnic minorities the least, suggesting a need to tailor content for diverse students.

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A life‐cycle analysis of minority underrepresentation in natural resource fields

2015

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Racial and ethnic diversity in natural resource careers does not reflect U.S. population trends. To explore potential drivers of underrepresentation in this field, we used a life‐cycle analysis to review 55 scholarly articles to identify barriers and supports influencing career choices (i.e., personal, contextual, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations) across 4 age groups. The number of cited barriers differed significantly among age groups. Personal influences included race or ethnicity, gender, age, and perceptions or predispositions toward nature. The latter was the most cited barrier for youth. Contextual influences included social, familial, structural, and experiential, and varied significantly between age groups. Exposure to nature was the most cited contextual barrier for all groups: 59% for youth, 40% for high school, 43% for college, and 50% for career. Self‐efficacy was emphasized in studies referencing youth, high school, and college age groups, and outcome expectations were only discussed in studies of the career group. After the literature analysis, we reviewed web sites, reports, and conducted personal interviews to explore how 21 federal natural‐resource agency diversity programs address variables influencing minority recruitment. Participating agencies reported challenges recruiting individuals, ensuring funding, and creating welcoming environments for minority participants, many of whom have never experienced remote natural environments or nontraditional careers. Our analysis revealed the need for a modified Framework for Career Influences. The proposed framework combines existing theories on social career choice and minority involvement in natural resource activities, but identifies personal and contextual influences that are important for minority students, as endogenous variables that influence and are influenced by self‐efficacy and outcome expectations. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.

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Environmentalism of African Americans

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Grassroots engagement with transition to sustainability: diversity and modes of participation in the international permaculture movement

Grassroots engagement with transition to sustainability: diversity and modes of participation in the international permaculture movement

Reaching Underserved Populations through a Fisheries Education Program

A life‐cycle analysis of minority underrepresentation in natural resource fields

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