Environmental Triggering of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity

Houeiss, Pamela; Luce, Siméon

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.933965

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…This fact aligns with the conclusion that T1D is more common in nations with strict hygiene regulations. Disease incidence under non-GF circumstances varies by facility, although it is often higher in the NOD females than males (12,39,40) . (41,42) .…”

Section: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Immunomodulation and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Moyad Ali

2023

ijmsdh

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The investigation into autoimmune conditions, particularly the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and the immune response, has emerged as a critical domain of scholarly scrutiny. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of prevailing views on the role of the gut microbiota in immune regulation and the development of autoimmune diseases. We begin this study by explaining the basic interactions of gut microorganisms and their relationship with the immune system. We then discuss dysbacteriosis and its implications for immune dysfunction, thus understanding the initiation of autoimmune reactions. Next, we delve into a section examining and reviewing clinical research findings identifying associations between differences in gut microbial compositions and various autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes. In conclusion, this review addresses the methodological challenges that currently impede progress in this field and suggests approaches and plans for future research that may advance our understanding of the critical role played by the gut microbiota in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The article emphasizes the need to combine strategies to improve patient prognosis in cases of autoimmune diseases.

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Section: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Immunomodulation and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Moyad Ali

2023

ijmsdh

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“…Viral infections may be a principal trigger for immune system intolerance towards self-antigens, with, genetic factors and immunological fitness of the host determining susceptibility ( 1 ). Such immunological autoreactivity may lead to prevalent and debilitating autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neurodegenerative disorders, and type 1 diabetes (T1D).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and virological triggers of type 1 diabetes: insights and implications

Lemos,

Hirani,

von Herrath

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune process which culminates in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It is widely believed that a complex and multifactorial interplay between genetic and environmental factors, such as viruses, play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Research over the past few decades has shown that there is not one single viral culprit, nor one single genetic pathway, causing the disease. Rather, viral infections, most notably enteroviruses (EV), appear to accelerate the autoimmune process leading to T1D and are often seen as a precipitator of clinical diagnosis. In support of this hypothesis, the use of anti-viral drugs has recently shown efficacy in preserving beta cell function after onset of diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the various pathways that viral infections utilize to accelerate the development of T1D. There are three key mechanisms linking viral infections to beta-cell death: One is modulated by the direct infection of islets by viruses, resulting in their impaired function, another occurs in a more indirect fashion, by modulating the immune system, and the third is caused by heightened stress on the beta-cell by interferon-mediated increase of insulin resistance. The first two aspects are surprisingly difficult to study, in the case of the former, because there are still many questions about how viruses might persist for longer time periods. In the latter, indirect/immune case, viruses might impact immunity as a hit-and-run scenario, meaning that many or all direct viral footprints quickly vanish, while changes imprinted upon the immune system and the anti-islet autoimmune response persist. Given the fact that viruses are often associated with the precipitation of clinical autoimmunity, there are concerns regarding the impact of the recent global coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the development of autoimmune disease. The long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on T1D will therefore be discussed, including the increased development of new cases of T1D. Understanding the interplay between viral infections and autoimmunity is crucial for advancing our knowledge in this field and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will examine the intricate relationship between viral infections and autoimmunity and discuss potential considerations for prevention and treatment strategies.

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“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a global pandemic since March 2020. The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been reported, notably in respiratory infections [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of new-onset type 1 diabetes during Covid-19 pandemic: A French nationwide population-based study

Mariet

PETIT

Benzenine

et al. 2023

Diabetes & Metabolism

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Environmental Triggering of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity

Cited by 19 publications

References 189 publications

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Immunomodulation and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Immunomodulation and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Immunological and virological triggers of type 1 diabetes: insights and implications

Incidence of new-onset type 1 diabetes during Covid-19 pandemic: A French nationwide population-based study

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