Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Estimated Using the SHSES Scale and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hypertensive Patients

Gać, Paweł; Czerwińska, Karolina; Poręba, Małgorzata; Macek, Piotr; Mazur, Grzegorz; Poręba, Rafał

doi:10.1007/s12012-020-09598-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Several adverse health effects on adults and children, including respiratory outcomes, acute and chronic cardiovascular effects, and lung cancer [ 3 , 9 , 32 ], have been connected to prolonged ETS exposure. Globally, 1.2 million deaths were attributable to ETS exposure, of which 63,822 occurred among children younger than 10 years old [ 9 , 33 ]. Although cigarette smoking was banned from most public places worldwide, very often non-smoker adults or infants are exposed to ETS at home, in private workplaces, and in vehicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Side-Stream Smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors TrKA and p75NTR in a Group of Non-Smokers

Stabile

Pistilli

Bartolini

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Environmental tobacco smoke remains a major risk factor, for both smokers and non-smokers, able to trigger the initiation and/or the progression of several human diseases. Although in recent times governments have acted with the aim of banning or strongly reducing its impact within public places and common spaces, environmental tobacco smoke remains a major pollutant in private places, such as the home environment or cars. Several inflammatory and long-term biomarkers have been analysed and well-described, but the list of mediators modulated during the early phases of inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke needs to be expanded. The aim of this study was to measure the short-term effects after exposure to side-stream smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and its receptors Tropomyosin-related kinase A and neurotrophin p75, molecules already described in health conditions and respiratory diseases. Twenty-one non-smokers were exposed to a home-standardized level of SS as well as to control smoke-free air. Nerve Growth Factor and inflammatory cytokines levels, as well the expression of Tropomyosin-related kinase A and neurotrophin receptor p75, were analysed in white blood cells. The present study demonstrates that during early phases, side-stream smoke exposure induced increases in the percentage of neurotrophin receptor p75-positive white blood cells, in their mean fluorescent intensity, and in gene expression. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the urine cotinine level and the percentage of neurotrophin receptor-positive white blood cells. For the first time, the evidence that short-term exposure to side-stream smoke is able to increase neurotrophin receptor p75 expression confirms the very early involvement of this receptor, not only among active smokers but also among non-smokers exposed to SS. Furthermore, the correlation between cotinine levels in urine and the increase in neurotrophin receptor p75-positive white blood cells could represent a potential novel molecule to be investigated for the detection of SS exposure at early time points.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Side-Stream Smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors TrKA and p75NTR in a Group of Non-Smokers

Stabile

Pistilli

Bartolini

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Passive smokers with hypertension especially with higher body mass index (BMI) have increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness. EAT is a deposit localised between visceral pericardium and myocardium and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases [19]. Passive tobacco smoke is also a significant risk factor for coronary artery calcification which was measured using non-gated computed tomography (CT) scans [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic Valve Calcification Score in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Environmentally Exposed to Tobacco Smoke

et al. 2021

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The objective of our study was to determine the relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the value of the aortic valve calcification score (AVCS) in people suffering from arterial hypertension (AH). 107 non-smokers with AH (mean age 67.16 ± 8.48 years) were qualified for the study. The degree of exposure to ETS was assessed using the Second-hand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES) questionnaire. Study group was divided depending on ETS exposure: A—no exposure, B—low, C—medium and D—high. AVCS was measured based on the aortic valve plane multiplanar reconstruction from the non-contrast phase of the cardiac computed tomography. The Agatston algorithm was used, in which calcifications were considered changes with a density exceeding 130 HU. The mean AVCS value in the study group of patients was 213.59 ± 304.86. The AVCS was significantly lower in subgroup A than in subgroups C and D. In subgroup A, the lack of aortic valve calcification (AVCS = 0) was observed significantly more frequently than in subgroups C and D. There was a positive correlation between the number of SHSES points and the AVCS value (r = 0.37, p < 0.05). Based on the ROC curve, the SHSES value was determined as the optimal cut-off point for the prediction of AVCS = 0, amounting to 3 points. The accuracy of SHSES < 3 as the predictor of AVCS = 0 was set at 62.18%. Hypertensive patients have an unfavourable relationship between the amount of exposure to ETS, determined on the SHSES scale, and the AVCS value.

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Relation Between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Assessed by Serum Cotinine Concentration and Questionnaire Method, and Serum Renalase Concentration—the Importance of the Coexistence of Arterial Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular Diseases

Żórawik,

Hajdusianek,

Kusnerż

et al. 2024

Cardiovasc Toxicol

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Exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Renalase is a protein that may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between ETS and serum renalase concentration. A group of 109 patients was recruited for this study (49.7 ± 14.7 years). In accordance with the questionnaire, patients were divided into the following subgroups: subgroup A– declaring themselves active smokers (n = 36), subgroup B– declaring themselves non-smokers and exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 35), subgroup C– declaring themselves non-smokers and not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 38). The same patients were divided based on cotinine concentration into the following subgroups: subgroup D– active smokers (n = 42), subgroup E– non-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 66), and subgroup F– non-smokers not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 1). Serum cotinine concentration and serum renalase concentration were measured using ELISA tests. Serum renalase concentration was statistically significantly higher in subgroup C than in subgroups A and B and in subgroup E and F than in D. There was a negative correlation between serum cotinine concentration and serum renalase concentration (r = −0.41, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that higher BMI, higher diastolic blood pressure, coronary artery disease and higher serum cotinine concentration are independent risk factors of lower serum renalase concentration. The questionnaire method of assessing exposure to tobacco smoke was characterized by high sensitivity, but only moderate specificity, especially in terms of assessing environmental exposure to tobacco smoke. In summary, the study showed an independent relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke and lower serum renalase concentration.

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Estimated Using the SHSES Scale and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hypertensive Patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Short-Term Effects of Side-Stream Smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors TrKA and p75NTR in a Group of Non-Smokers

Short-Term Effects of Side-Stream Smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors TrKA and p75NTR in a Group of Non-Smokers

Aortic Valve Calcification Score in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Environmentally Exposed to Tobacco Smoke

Relation Between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Assessed by Serum Cotinine Concentration and Questionnaire Method, and Serum Renalase Concentration—the Importance of the Coexistence of Arterial Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular Diseases

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