Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and respiratory health in children

Cheraghi, Maria; Salvi, Sundeep

doi:10.1007/s00431-009-0967-3

Cited by 161 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…3,29 This is especially concerning for children, who are more vulnerable to the effects of SHS. 5,30,31 In the United States, in 2010, approximately 98% of children living with a smoker, compared to 40% not living with a smoker, had cotinine levels (a metabolite of nicotine which has a longer half-life than nicotine) above .05 ng/mL, indicating SHS exposure. 32 Cotinine levels in children are predicted by the number of cigarettes smoked inside the home.…”

Section: Effects Of Enactment Of Legislative (Public)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,46,49,[51][52][53] All studies either reported overall significant positive effects post-legislative ban (ie, social diffusion) or no significant differences pre-and post-legislation. 20,29,[35][36][37]39,40,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] For example, a study by Guzman et al 49 reported on cross-sectional analysis of participants surveyed before and after a statewide smoke-free law enacted in the summer of 2010 and found that participants with smoking restrictions in their homes increased significantly from 74% to 79.6% (p = .04).…”

Section: Effects Of Smoking Legislation On Home Smoking Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Enactment of Legislative (Public) Smoking Bans on Voluntary Home Smoking Restrictions: A Review

Monson

Arsenault

2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: The positive effects of worldwide increases in enactment of legislative bans on smoking in public areas have been well documented. Relatively little is known about the effects of such bans on voluntary home smoking behavior. Meanwhile, private spaces, such as homes, have replaced public spaces as the primary milieu of secondhand smoke exposure. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using multiple databases including Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Embase, Global Health, Health Star, Joanna Briggs, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PAIS International, PubMed, and Web of Science. We examined peer-reviewed studies that considered the impact of legislation-based public smoking bans on enactment of private home smoking restrictions. Results: Sixteen articles published between 2002 and 2014 were identified and included. Our results suggest overall positive effects post-legislative ban with the majority of studies demonstrating significant increases in home smoking restrictions. Studies focusing on smoking and nonsmoking samples as well as child populations are discussed in depth. Conclusions: Existing evidence indicates an overall significant positive effect post-legislative ban on voluntary home smoking restrictions. While disentangling these effects over space and time remains a challenge, scientific research has converged in dispelling any notion of significant displacement of smoking into the home. Policy makers, especially those in countries without existing public smoking legislation, can rest assured that these types of bans contribute to the minimization of tobacco-related harm. Implications: Findings converge in dispelling notions of displacement of smoking into the home as a consequence of legislative bans that prohibit smoking in public spaces. Evidence from the studies reviewed suggests that through their influence on social norms, legislative bans on smoking in public places may encourage citizens to establish voluntary home smoking restrictions, thus decreasing harm related to secondhand smoke.

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Section: Effects Of Enactment Of Legislative (Public)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Smoking Legislation On Home Smoking Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Enactment of Legislative (Public) Smoking Bans on Voluntary Home Smoking Restrictions: A Review

Monson

Arsenault

2016

NICTOB

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“…Asthma is the commonest chronic disease in children in high and LMIC settings [3]. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a well-recognized risk factor for acute and chronic respiratory illness [4]; tobacco use is the leading global cause of preventable death [5]. Despite worldwide initiatives to reduce tobacco smoking, it is estimated that up to 40% of children are still exposed to tobacco smoke [6] and approximately 6 million deaths are tobacco related with half a trillion dollars in tobacco-related economic damage [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Vanker

Gie

Zar

2017

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

143

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Introduction: Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a recognised risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory illness.Areas covered: The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of ETS exposure and impact on respiratory health in children. We conducted a search of 3 electronic databases of publications on ETS and childhood respiratory illness from 1990–2015. Key findings were that up to 70% of children are exposed to ETS globally, but under-reporting may mask the true prevalence. Maternal smoking and ETS exposure influence infant lung development and are associated with childhood upper and lower respiratory tract infection, wheezing or asthma. Further, exposure to ETS is associated with more severe respiratory disease. ETS exposure reduces lung function early in life, establishing an increased lifelong risk of poor lung health.Expert commentary: Urgent and effective strategies are needed to decrease ETS exposure in young children to improve child and long-term lung health in adults especially in low and middle income countries where ETS exposure is increasing.

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“…Children are also at greater risk to be exposed to THS because they spend more time playing, crawling, touching contaminated surface and tend to put in non-food item in their mouth [13]. They also have higher metabolic rates and breathe in a greater amount of air per kilogram body weight, which result in more air pollutants entering their body [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia

Mohamed

Loy

Man

et al. 2016

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives The objectives of this study are to determine parental and children's hair nicotine levels, their relationships as well as to investigate the association of smoking status of the fathers with mothers' and children's hair nicotine. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 124 families who were participants of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Pregnancy Cohort Study. Both parents with their 2 years old children joined this study. A total of 92 hair samples of fathers, 124 hair samples of mothers and 111 hair samples of children were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Of total, 52.4 % of the fathers reported smoking. None of the mothers were smokers. Hair nicotine levels of fathers were found to be significantly correlated with mothers (r = 0.233, p = 0.026) and children (r = 0.508, p \ 0.001). Children living with smoking fathers had significantly higher median hair nicotine level compared to the children of non-smoking fathers (6.08 vs 0.22 ng/mg, p = 0.046). However, this association was not seen in the mothers. Quantile regression showed significant association between fathers' and children's hair nicotine. Conclusion There is a positive relationship between fathers' hair nicotine with mother's and children's hair nicotine. Living with smoking fathers can contribute to higher hair nicotine levels in children but not in mothers.

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Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and respiratory health in children

Cited by 161 publications

References 110 publications

Effects of Enactment of Legislative (Public) Smoking Bans on Voluntary Home Smoking Restrictions: A Review

Effects of Enactment of Legislative (Public) Smoking Bans on Voluntary Home Smoking Restrictions: A Review

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia

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