Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer in Nonsmokers

Abstract

We sought to determine the incidence rate of carpal tunnel syndrome in the general population. Using three different case definitions, we conducted a prospective study to ascertain by medical record review all cases of incident disease in a defined population during a 2-year period. Newly diagnosed probable or definite carpal tunnel syndrome (N = 309) occurred at a rate of 3.46 cases per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval = 3.07-3.84). The incidence rate in our study was 3.5 times higher than the rate 20 years ago in a Minnesota city. The rate difference probably results from a combination of reasons, including a true rise in incidence.

Lifetime residential and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in never-smoking women, Canada 1994-97

“…Jockel et al 8 found only a weak association with spousal exposure but a doubling of risk (OR 2.09 [1.02-4.28]) associated with the highest category of exposure (top decile) from all sources. Nyberg et al 9 found little increase for spousal exposure only but more than a doubling of risk for high occupational or total exposure. Also published since the Hackshaw meta-analysis, and the largest study to date, was the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) 12-centre study in Europe 7 (650 neversmoker lung cancer cases, 1,544 controls).…”

“…Also published since the Hackshaw meta-analysis, and the largest study to date, was the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) 12-centre study in Europe 7 (650 neversmoker lung cancer cases, 1,544 controls). The study includes the Nyberg, 9 Jockel 8 and earlier Kreuzer 11 data (173 of 292 cases). This study found a risk estimate for women with ever exposure to smoking by a spouse of 1.16 (95% CI 0.93-1.44) and no clear dose-response relationship.…”

Glass-based radon-exposure assessment and lung cancer risk

“…The original study designs are summarized in Table 1. Participation rates were 86% for case subjects and 83% for control subjects in one study ( Nyberg et al, 1998 ), and 87%, 82%, and 88% for case subjects and control subjects matched and not matched for vital status, respectively, in the other study Nyberg et al, 2000 ). The date of diagnosis for a case determined the end of follow -up for the case subject and his or her matched controls, unless the date of death of a control subject marked the end of follow -up ( when death occurred before the diagnosis of the matched case, up to 3 years before ).…”

“…A never-smoker was defined as an individual who had not smoked daily through one or more years. These two studies had contributed with all 124 cases and 235 controls, and all 33 never-smokers with lung cancer and twice as many controls, originally recruited in one study (Nyberg et al, 1998 ) and in the study Nyberg et al, 2000 ), respectively. The original study designs are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Two indicator variables for occupational lung cancer risk were constructed: one variable indicated subjects who, for a year or more during their whole occupational history, had held occupations recognised to present lung cancer risk, while the other variable indicated subjects who had held occupations suspected to present lung cancer excess risk (Boffeta et al, 1995;Ahrens and Merletti, 1998 ). Classification relied on the cross -classification of international occupational ( ISCO -68) and industrial codes ( ISIC -71) ( Ahrens and Merletti, 1998 ) for one study (Nyberg et al, 1998), and on Scandinavian occupational codes (AMS, 1983) for the other study Nyberg et al, 2000 ). A socioeconomic indicator variable with four levels was constructed by combining two dichotomous variables indicating whether the occupations reported in the working history of a study subject predominantly required short or long education, and manual work or not .…”