Environmental tobacco smoke and children's health

Hwang, Sang Hyun; Hwang, Jong Hee; Moon, Jin Soo; Lee, Dong Hoon

doi:10.3345/kjp.2012.55.2.35

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…When considering the impact of prenatal versus postnatal exposure on respiratory disease, postnatal paternal smoking is associated with increased otitis media while maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with an increase in wheezing (odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% CI 0.99–2.01) or chestiness (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03–2.01) in the first year of life [28]. ETS is postulated to increase the risk of RTI by direct toxic effects on the mucosa, impaired ciliary function, and impaired local immune defences resulting in prolonged inflammation, congestion, or predisposition to infection [29,30]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Vanker

Gie

Zar

2017

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

136

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Introduction: Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a recognised risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory illness.Areas covered: The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of ETS exposure and impact on respiratory health in children. We conducted a search of 3 electronic databases of publications on ETS and childhood respiratory illness from 1990–2015. Key findings were that up to 70% of children are exposed to ETS globally, but under-reporting may mask the true prevalence. Maternal smoking and ETS exposure influence infant lung development and are associated with childhood upper and lower respiratory tract infection, wheezing or asthma. Further, exposure to ETS is associated with more severe respiratory disease. ETS exposure reduces lung function early in life, establishing an increased lifelong risk of poor lung health.Expert commentary: Urgent and effective strategies are needed to decrease ETS exposure in young children to improve child and long-term lung health in adults especially in low and middle income countries where ETS exposure is increasing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Vanker

Gie

Zar

2017

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

136

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“…In this section, we discuss what is known about the contribution of HAP to respiratory infection. We assess the biological plausibility of a causal role of HAP on respiratory infections, partly drawing from evidence about the role of cigarette smoking (direct exposure in adults and second-hand exposure in children) in infections of the lower respiratory tract 9–12. In addition, we examine the relation of HAP exposure to other risk factors for respiratory infection in LMICs, particularly HIV infection and malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries

Gordon¹,

Bruce²,

Grigg³

et al. 2014

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

732

590

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A third of the world’s population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is poorly vented. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with household air pollution accounting for about 3·5–4 million deaths every year. Women and children living in severe poverty have the greatest exposures to household air pollution. In this Commission, we review evidence for the association between household air pollution and respiratory infections, respiratory tract cancers, and chronic lung diseases. Respiratory infections (comprising both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with viruses, bacteria, and mycobacteria) have all been associated with exposure to household air pollution. Respiratory tract cancers, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal burning and further data are needed about other solid fuels. Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in women, are associated with solid fuel use for cooking, and the damaging effects of exposure to household air pollution in early life on lung development are yet to be fully described. We also review appropriate ways to measure exposure to household air pollution, as well as study design issues and potential effective interventions to prevent these disease burdens. Measurement of household air pollution needs individual, rather than fixed in place, monitoring because exposure varies by age, gender, location, and household role. Women and children are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of pollution and are exposed to the highest concentrations. Interventions should target these high-risk groups and be of sufficient quality to make the air clean. To make clean energy available to all people is the long-term goal, with an intermediate solution being to make available energy that is clean enough to have a health impact.

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“…The World Health Organization estimated that each year ETS exposure is responsible for more than 890,000 premature deaths worldwide [4]. ETS exposure during childhood has been linked to an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome [5] and allergic sensitization [6] in addition to the development of asthma [7,8]. Moreover, children with long-term ETS exposure are more susceptible to upper and lower respiratory tract infections, reduced lung function and/ or early onset of cardiovascular diseases [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis among Adolescents in Kuwait

Abdualrasool¹,

Al-Shanfari²,

Booalayan³

et al. 2018

Dermatology

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Background: This study aimed to (i) assess the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at homes, (ii) assess the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and (iii) evaluate the association between ETS exposure and atopic dermatitis status among adolescents. Methods: During October 2015, a cross-sectional study design was implemented using a self-administered, modified version of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire among students enrolled in nine high schools of one of the six governorates of Kuwait. Prevalence of ETS exposure at home (1 or more smokers at home vs. none) and atopic dermatitis were computed. A multivariable log-binomial regression model was used to evaluate the adjusted association between ETS exposure and atopic dermatitis. Results: Of 800 invited students, 746 (93.3%) participated, of whom 74.8% were Kuwaiti and 50.1% were female with a mean (SD) age of 16.8 (0.68) years. Prevalence of ETS exposure at home was 54%. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 14.9%. A final multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that compared with the adolescents free from atopic dermatitis, adolescents with atopic dermatitis were significantly more likely to have had ETS exposure at home (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.03–2.14; p = 0.034) or tended to be female (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.99–2.03; p = 0.054). Conclusions: A high prevalence of ETS exposure at home among adolescents was recorded. ETS exposure and female gender were significantly associated with atopic dermatitis status. Intervention fostering voluntary adoption of a smoke-free home rule may help protect the adolescents against ETS exposure and alleviate the menace of associated morbidity.

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Environmental tobacco smoke and children's health

Cited by 55 publications

References 62 publications

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis among Adolescents in Kuwait

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