Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiometabolic risk in young children: results from a survey in south-west Germany

Nagel, Gabriële; Arnold, Frank; Wilhelm, Manfred; Link, B.; Zoellner, Iris; Köenig, Wolfgang

doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp180

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Hypertriglyceridemia can still be indicative of fatty liver development that is related to smoking (Chiang et al 2009, Mallat & Lotersztajn 2010. Tobacco smoke is related to decreased Apo AI and other cardiometabolic alterations in children exposed to ETS (Nagel et al 2009); however, in our model, S pups had higher HDL-C levels suggesting an adaptive defense mechanism against tobacco smoke effects. Perhaps, nicotine is responsible for higher serum HDL-C because recently we evidenced this effect in suckling pups whose mothers were treated with nicotine during lactation .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Santos-Silva

Oliveira²,

Pinheiro³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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Exposure to tobacco smoke is related to changes in energy balance regulation and several endocrine dysfunctions. Previously, we showed that maternal nicotine (the main addictive compound of tobacco) exposure exclusively during lactation affects biochemical profiles in mothers, milk, and pups. As the possible consequences for mothers and offspring of maternal smoking during lactation are still unknown, we evaluated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and pups at weaning. After 72 h from birth, lactating rats were divided into two groups: smoke-exposed (S) in a cigarette-smoking machine, 4!1 h per day throughout the lactation period without pups; control (C), rats were treated the same as the experimental group but exposed to filtered air. Dams and pups were killed at weaning (21 days of lactation). Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Milk, blood, visceral fat, adrenal, and carcass were collected. S dams showed hyperprolactinemia (C50%), hypoinsulinemia (K40%), hypoleptinemia (K46%), as well as lower triglycerides (K53%) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K50%). Milk of S dams had higher lactose (C52%) and triglycerides (C78%). S pups presented higher body protein (C17%), lower total (K24%) and subcutaneous fat contents (K25%), hypoglycemia (K11%), hyperinsulinemia (C28%), hypocorticosteronemia (K40%), lower adrenal catecholamine content (K40%), hypertriglyceridemia (C34%), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C16%), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K45%). In conclusion, tobacco smoke exposure leads to changes in nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and, passively through the milk, may promote several important metabolic disorders in the progeny.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Santos-Silva

Oliveira²,

Pinheiro³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…36 Additionally, in a meta-analysis relevant to the current study, PSE has been linked with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adults, though mechanisms to explain this remain unclear. 37 Mechanisms linking PSE with adverse effects on cognition include hypoxia or increased carbon monoxide exposure from PSE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children

et al. 2016

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Background: Passive smoke exposure (PSE) may be a risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity and is associated with worse neurocognitive development, cognition, and sleep in children. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of PSE on adiposity, cognition, and sleep in overweight and obese children using an objective measure of PSE.Methods: Overweight or obese children (n = 222) aged 7-11 (9.4 -1.1 years; 58% black; 58% female; 85% obese) were recruited from schools near Augusta, Georgia, over the course of the school year Results: Overweight and obese children with PSE had greater overall and central adiposity than nonexposed overweight and obese children ( p < 0.03). However, PSE was unrelated to prediabetes, insulin resistance, or visceral fat. PSE was linked to poorer cognitive scores ( p < 0.04) independent of adiposity, but was not related to sleep-disordered breathing.Conclusions: PSE is associated with fatness and poorer cognition in children. Tailored interventions that target multiple health risk factors including nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco use in children and families are needed to prevent adverse health outcomes related to tobacco use and obesity.

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“…We evidenced that neonatal tobacco smoke programs for higher triglycerides, VLDL-C, and HDL-C in adult life. Initially, higher HDL-C seems to be contradictory as tobacco SE is associated with lower serum HDL-C in children (Nagel et al 2009, Hirata et al 2010. However, increased HDL-C was found in adult female rats who were exposed to tobacco smoke during gestation without change in total antioxidant capacity, suggesting that higher HDL-C is non-functional (Ng et al 2009).…”

Section: Adulthood Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO (2009) showed that 40% of children are submitted to cigarette components by environmental tobacco smoke, when at least one of their parents is a smoker. Children exposed to environmental tobacco present higher serum leptin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and interleukin-6 levels (Nagel et al 2009), which suggest more susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. As exclusive maternal smoke exposure (SE) fails to reproduce most of the programming effects of maternal nicotine exposure, and in order to try to reproduce what really can happen to children from smoker parents who are exposed to cigarette components both by breast milk and by direct inhalation, we design this study where both dams and pups were exposed to tobacco smoke during lactation to better understand the immediate and late repercussions of early environmental smoking on rat offspring's development and endocrine function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation in weaned and adult male offspring

Santos-Silva

Oliveira

Pinheiro

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Children from pregnant smokers show more susceptibility to develop obesity in adult life. Previously, we failed to demonstrate a program for obesity in rat offspring only when the mothers were exposed to tobacco smoke during lactation. Here, we studied the short-and long-term effects of smoke exposure (SE) to both dams and their pups during lactation on endocrine and metabolic parameters. For this, we designed an experimental model where nursing rats and their pups were divided into two groups: SE group, exposed to smoke in a cigarette smoking machine (four times/day, from the third to the 21st day of lactation), and group, exposed to filtered air. Pups were killed at 21 and 180 days. At weaning, SE pups showed lower body weight (7%), length (5%), retroperitoneal fat mass (59%), visceral adipocyte area (60%), and higher subcutaneous adipocyte area (95%) with hypoinsulinemia (K29%), hyperthyroxinemia (59%), hypercorticosteronemia (60%), and higher adrenal catecholamine content (C58%). In adulthood, SE offspring showed higher food intake (C10%), body total fat mass (C50%), visceral fat mass (retroperitoneal: 55%; mesenteric: 67%; and epididymal: 55%), and lower subcutaneous adipocyte area (24%) with higher serum glucose (11%), leptin (85%), adiponectin (1.4-fold increase), total triiodothyronine (71%), free thyroxine (57%), TSH (36%), triglycerides (65%), VLDL cholesterol (C66%), and HDL cholesterol (91%) levels and lower corticosteronemia (41%) and adrenal catecholamine content (57%). Our present findings suggest that tobacco SE to both dams and their pups during lactation causes malnutrition in early life that programs for obesity and hormonal and metabolic disturbances in adulthood, only if the pups are submitted to the same smoke environment as the mother.

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Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiometabolic risk in young children: results from a survey in south-west Germany

Abstract: Among children, ETS exposure was associated with a low-grade inflammatory response and altered markers of lipid metabolism, which may initiate atherosclerosis in early life. However, longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the potential causal relevance of these associations.

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children

Endocrine effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation in weaned and adult male offspring

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