“…Based on the porter hypothesis and compensation effect, the environmental tax increases pollution costs to enterprises after environmental tax reform, thereby crowding out capital investment for innovation (Faucheux and Nicolai, 1998), which is not conducive to technology research and development (Van Leeuwen and Mohnen, 2017;Liu et al, 2018). Given the high risk of technology innovation input activities (Zhao et al, 2022), enterprises in heavily polluting industries choose to maintain the status quo to avoid losses in R&D. In these cases, environmental taxes reduce the amount of money available for technological innovation. The heavily polluting industries, as well as other profit-maximizing enterprises, may choose to invest in green original equipment manufacturing to reduce environmental taxes for their future economic benefits and long-term negative effects.…”