Environmental stress influences Malesian Lamiaceae distributions

Trethowan, Liam A.; Arvidsson, Camilla; Bramley, Gemma L. C.

doi:10.1002/ece3.9467

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, the overall dispersal capacity of pools should shape how many species can disperse into and occur at sites (Xie et al 2023). Exploration of these potential patterns would require the collation and analysis of trait data linked to dispersal and adaptation to environment, such as height, leaf and fruit size (Wright et al 2017, Olson et al 2018, Brodie et al 2022, Trethowan et al 2022, 2023a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infertile soils, similarly, may remove species with high nutrient requirements (Slik et al 2009, Cámara‐Leret et al 2017, Draper et al 2018). Indonesia is part of the largest tropical archipelago in the world and encompasses a wide range of environmental gradients: from mangroves to alpine grasslands and from constantly wet to seasonally dry (Kooyman et al 2019, Trethowan et al 2022). Therefore, Indonesia provides a great opportunity to study the relationship between environmental variation and local tree species diversity (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

Trethowan,

Brambach,

Cámara‐Leret

et al. 2024

Ecography

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Tropical forests occupy small coral atolls to the vast Amazon basin. They occur across bioregions with different geological and climatic history. Differences in area and bioregional history shape species immigration, extinction and diversification. How this effects local diversity is unclear. The Indonesian archipelago hosts thousands of tree species whose coexistence should depend upon these factors. Using a novel dataset of 215 Indonesian forest plots, across fifteen islands ranging in area from 120 to 785 000 km2, we apply Gaussian mixed effects models to examine the simultaneous effects of environment, earthquake proximity, island area and bioregion upon tree diversity for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height. We find that tree diversity declines with precipitation seasonality and increases with island area. Accounting for the effects of environment and island area we show that the westernmost bioregion Sunda has greater local diversity than Wallacea, which in turn has greater local diversity than easternmost Sahul. However, when the model includes geological activity (here proximity to major earthquakes), bioregion differences are reduced. Overall, results indicate that multi‐scale, current and historic effects dictate tree diversity. These multi‐scale drivers should not be ignored when studying biodiversity gradients and their impacts upon ecosystem function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

Trethowan,

Brambach,

Cámara‐Leret

et al. 2024

Ecography

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“…Other studies have noted that the most stress‐tolerant species (e.g. endemic to ultramafic soil) are widely distributed across Malesian islands (Trethowan et al 2022) and less adherent to vegetation zone boundaries as compared to other tropical flora (Whitman et al 2021). One of the oldest families in our study, Podocarpaceae, had a shallow ERR slope (0.13), with species' distributions within contemporary time periods constrained by competitive exclusion, rather than climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range‐size patterns for Malesian flora

Whitman,

Russo

2024

Ecography

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Our goal was to interrogate the idea that “mountain passes are higher in the tropics” by investigating ecological and biogeographic drivers of elevational range‐sizes patterns among equatorial flora. We used herbarium records for 60 species‐rich plant families, representing 18 535 species total, to estimate distributions over a 4500 m elevational gradient. For each family, we estimated the change in average range‐sizes with increasing elevation (i.e. Rapoport's rule, abbreviated as ERR) and quantified 15 metrics of familial richness distribution, evolutionary age, and biogeographic affiliation. We visualized covariation across families using phylogenetic principal components analysis (pPCA). We then evaluated how family‐level ERR slopes correlated with each metric individually, as well as when using multivariate techniques to reduce dimensionality. We hypothesized that if long term climate stability over millions of years promotes habitat specialization, then among taxa with longer‐term tropical affiliations, we would expect smaller range‐sizes within lowland forests, with greater range‐size expansion towards higher elevations, expressed as a positive ERR slope. Conversely, variation in growing conditions should promote larger, relatively consistent, range‐sizes at all sections of an elevational gradient, expressed as a neutral ERR slope. Our results support this corollary because of the dichotomy of ERR slopes observed in relation to the elevational distribution of richness and historical biogeographic positioning. We found that families with greater Sundaland endemism, or richness that was restricted to tropical lowland forests, had positive ERR slopes. Families with stronger Sahul affiliation, or montane centered richness, had shallower, neutral, or negative ERR slopes, as did clades with temperate origins. Families with Wallacea affiliation, broader latitudinal or elevational distributions, cosmopolitanism, greater richness, or older evolutionary age had mixed results. We conclude that the relative steepness of an ERR slope is an indicator of a taxonomic group's tolerance of habitat variation and vulnerability to contemporary climate change.

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Island area, isolation and climate effects upon flower traits in a megadiverse archipelago

Trethowan,

Jennings,

Bramley

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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AimFlower traits are critical to the mutualistic networks that underpin ecosystem function. However, the broad‐scale drivers of flower traits are unclear. Using the megadiverse islands of Malesia, we test three hypotheses: (1) Flower size, openness and colourfulness (i.e. the trend from white to colourful flowers) will decrease with increasing temperature, but not with increasing precipitation seasonality. (2) Flower size, openness and colourfulness will increase with island area, and decrease with isolation. (3) Models parameterised by climate, rather than non‐climatic island characteristics will have the greatest predictive capacity as climate affects both pollinator communities and energetic/physiological constraints upon flower traits.LocationFourteen Malesian islands.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe applied Bayesian phylogenetic models of occurrence for >2500 species in 400 m elevation bands, across islands, as a function of flower trait interactions with either climatic variables or islands characteristics. We compare predictive capacity of models based on climate versus island characteristics using Leave One Out‐Cross Validation.ResultsAll six flower traits examined varied with at least temperature, precipitation seasonality, island area and isolation. Flowers are larger in cold environments. The lowland tropics are mostly inhabited by white flowered species. At cold high elevations, red and pink flowered species are more frequent whereas green and purple flowered species increase in the drought‐prone seasonally dry tropics. Flower openness declined with precipitation seasonality and increased with isolation. Models parameterised by climate performed best for perianth length, red and white flowers, whereas pink flowers and flower openness were better predicted using island characteristics.Main ConclusionsThere are relationships between flower traits and climatic gradients within Malesia. However, island characteristics have also left a legacy upon current flower trait distributions. These island biogeographical impacts are likely key for the eco‐evolutionary drivers of flower traits.

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Environmental stress influences Malesian Lamiaceae distributions

Cited by 3 publications

References 144 publications

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range‐size patterns for Malesian flora

Island area, isolation and climate effects upon flower traits in a megadiverse archipelago

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