Environmental Signal-Dependent Regulation of Flowering Time in Rice

Shim, Jae Sung; Jang, Geupil

doi:10.3390/ijms21176155

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms. Plants mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress by regulating their vegetative and reproductive growth according to water availability (Shim and Jang 2020 ). Mild drought conditions can accelerate flowering in rice (Du et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsFTL4, an FT-like Gene, Regulates Flowering Time and Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Rice

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The initiation of flowering in cereals is a critical process influenced by environmental and endogenous signals. Flowering Locus T-like (FT-like) genes encode the main signals for flowering. Of the 13 FT-like genes in the rice genome, Hd3a/OsFTL2 and RFT1/OsFTL3 have been extensively studied and revealed to be critical for flowering. In this study, a rice FT-like gene, OsFTL4, was functionally characterized. Specifically, osftl4 mutants were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared with the wild-type control (Guangluai 4), the osftl4-1 and osftl4-2 mutants flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier under natural long-day and short-day conditions, respectively. Additionally, OsFTL4 was mainly expressed in the vascular tissue, with the resulting OsFTL4 protein localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, OsFTL4 was observed to compete with Hd3a for the interaction with multiple 14-3-3 proteins. An analysis of the effects of simulated drought stress suggested that silencing OsFTL4 enhances drought tolerance by decreasing stomatal conductance and water loss. These results indicate that OsFTL4 helps integrate the flowering process and the drought response in rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsFTL4, an FT-like Gene, Regulates Flowering Time and Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Rice

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“…Recent studies have mainly focused on the absorption, translocation, and reuse of nutrients ( Verma et al., 2021 ; Wani et al., 2021 ; Johnson et al., 2022 ; Lambers, 2022 ; Liu et al., 2022a ; Liu et al., 2022b ; Podar and Maathuis, 2022 ; Prathap et al., 2022 ; Ren et al., 2022 ; Vélez-Bermúdez and Schmidt, 2022 ; Xie et al., 2022 ), meaning that the potential mechanisms underlying nutrient-regulated flowering remain largely unknown in plants, especially crops. UV stress, drought, salt, cold, and heat also alter flowering ( Martínez et al., 2004 ; Cho et al., 2017 ; Ionescu et al., 2017 ; Shim and Jang, 2020 ; Preston and Fjellheim, 2022 ). Improving nutrient-use efficiency by coordinating flowering time is an effective way to increase crop yield; thus, the effects of interaction between flowering time and nutrients on crop yield are in need of more in-depth study.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-mediated modulation of flowering time

et al. 2023

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Nutrition affects plant growth and development, including flowering. Flowering represents the transition from the vegetative period to the reproduction period and requires the consumption of nutrients. Moreover, nutrients (e.g., nitrate) act as signals that affect flowering. Regulation of flowering time is therefore intimately associated with both nutrient-use efficiency and crop yield. Here, we review current knowledge of the relationships between nutrients (primarily nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and flowering, with the goal of deepening our understanding of how plant nutrition affects flowering.

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“…Likewise, in rice, the FT homolog protein Heading date 3a (Hd3a) interacts with the FD homolog OsFD1 in the SAM, assisted by 14-3-3 proteins [ 17 ]. These complexes then bind to the promoter of OsMADS15 (an AP1 homolog) to activate floral transition in rice, which highlights conservation of the flowering regulatory module (FT/FD-AP1) between different photoperiodic plants [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Redundancy of FLOWERING LOCUS T 3b in Soybean Flowering Time Regulation

Chen

Cai

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Photoperiodic flowering is an important agronomic trait that determines adaptability and yield in soybean and is strongly influenced by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes. Due to the presence of multiple FT homologs in the genome, their functions in soybean are not fully understood. Here, we show that GmFT3b exhibits functional redundancy in regulating soybean photoperiodic flowering. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that GmFT3b is a typical floral inducer FT homolog and that the protein is localized to the nucleus. Moreover, GmFT3b expression was induced by photoperiod and circadian rhythm and was more responsive to long-day (LD) conditions. We generated a homozygous ft3b knockout and three GmFT3b-overexpressing soybean lines for evaluation under different photoperiods. There were no significant differences in flowering time between the wild-type, the GmFT3b overexpressors, and the ft3b knockouts under natural long-day, short-day, or LD conditions. Although the downstream flowering-related genes GmFUL1 (a, b), GmAP1d, and GmLFY1 were slightly down-regulated in ft3b plants, the floral inducers GmFT5a and GmFT5b were highly expressed, indicating potential compensation for the loss of GmFT3b. We suggest that GmFT3b acts redundantly in flowering time regulation and may be compensated by other FT homologs in soybean.

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Environmental Signal-Dependent Regulation of Flowering Time in Rice

Cited by 16 publications

References 111 publications

OsFTL4, an FT-like Gene, Regulates Flowering Time and Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

OsFTL4, an FT-like Gene, Regulates Flowering Time and Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Nutrient-mediated modulation of flowering time

Functional Redundancy of FLOWERING LOCUS T 3b in Soybean Flowering Time Regulation

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