Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in Cell Biology

McGregor, Juliette E.; Staniewicz, Lech; Guthrie, Susan; Donald, Athene M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-056-4_26

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ESEM is an imaging technique affording higher resolution than conventional optical microscope, which was used for further investigation of direct interaction or possible penetration of gold nanomaterials with human keratinocytes at high spatial resolution of tens‐of‐nanometer scale . There is weak interaction between gold nanosheets and human keratinocytes as shown in ESEM images of Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanomaterials in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses, Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment

Cao

Tang

et al. 2016

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Establishment of analytical methods of engineered nanomaterials in consumer products for their human and environmental risk assessment becomes urgent for both academic and industrial needs. Owing to the difficulties and challenges around nanomaterials in complex media, proper chemical separation and biological assays of nanomaterials from nanoproducts needs to be firstly developed. Herein, a facile and rapid method to separate and analyze gold nanomaterials in cosmetics is reported. Gold nanomaterials are successfully separated from different facial or eye creams and their physiochemical properties are analyzed by quantitative and qualitative state-of-the art techniques with high sensitivity or high spatial resolution. In turn, a protocol including quantification of gold by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and thorough characterization of morphology, size distribution, and surface property by electron microscopes, atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope is developed. Subsequently, the preliminary toxicity assessment indicates that gold nanomaterials in cosmetic creams have no observable toxicity to human keratinocytes even after 24 h exposure up to a concentration of 200 μg mL . The environmental scanning electron microscope reveals that gold nanomaterials are mostly attached on the cell membrane. Thus, the present study provides a full analysis protocol for toxicity assessment of gold nanomaterials in consumer products (cosmetic creams).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanomaterials in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses, Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment

Cao

Tang

et al. 2016

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“…The environmental SEM allows imaging of the hydrated biofilms but only on the biofilm's outer surface, thus is not suitable for imaging of the structured biofilms on complex electrodes. 53 Recently, tomography (microCT) has been used for biofilm imaging on the cathode of a working MFC after six months of operation. 49 MicroCT can be used to image thick biofilms grown on complex electrodes and allows inorganic materials to be distinguished from organic and biological materials, due to the diversity of the various material densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic biofilms as the interphase for electroactive bacterial growth on carbon veil

et al. 2016

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The structure and activity of electrochemically active biofilms (EABs) are usually investigated on flat electrodes. However, real world applications such as wastewater treatment and bioelectrosynthesis require tridimensional electrodes to increase surface area and facilitate EAB attachment. The structure and activity of thick EABs grown on high surface area electrodes are difficult to characterize with electrochemical and microscopy methods. Here, the authors adopt a stacked electrode configuration to simulate the high surface and the tridimensional structure of an electrode for large-scale EAB applications. Each layer of the stacked electrode is independently characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and digital image processing. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm on stacked carbon veil electrodes is grown under constant oxidative potentials (0, +200, and +400 mV versus Ag/AgCl) until a stable current output is obtained. The textural, aerial, and volumetric parameters extracted from CLSM images allow tracking of the evolution of morphological properties within the stacked electrodes. The electrode layers facing the bulk liquid show higher biovolumes compared with the inner layer of the stack. The electrochemical performance of S. oneidensis MR-1 is directly linked to the overall biofilm volume as well as connectivity between cell clusters.

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“…Decorrelation time was defined as the time shift required to reach a correlation coefficient of 0.5. 47 Briefly, a human whole blood sample was drawn the day before imaging and fixed with 4% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour. Samples were either fixed with whole blood or whole blood with nanobubbles at a ~4.07 x 10 10 bubbles/mL concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Interaction of Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents with Human Blood Components

Cooley

Abenojar

Wegierak

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents, or nanobubbles, are being explored in preclinical applications ranging from vascular and cardiac imaging to targeted drug delivery in cancer. These sub-micron particles are approximately 10x smaller than clinically available microbubbles. This allows them to effectively traverse compromised physiological barriers and circulate for extended periods of time. While various aspects of nanobubble behavior have been previously examined, their behavior in human whole blood has not yet been explored. Accordingly, herein we examined, for the first time, the short and long-term effects of blood components on nanobubble acoustic response. We observed differences in the kinetics of backscatter from nanobubble suspensions in whole blood compared to bubbles in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), plasma, or red blood cell solutions (RBCs). Specifically, after introducing nanobubbles to fresh human whole blood, signal enhancement gradually increased by 22.8 ± 13.1% throughout our experiment, with peak intensity reached within 145 seconds. In contrast, nanobubbles in PBS had a stable signal with negligible change in intensity (-1.7 ± 3.2%) over 8 minutes. Under the same conditions, microbubbles made with the same lipid formulation showed a -56.8 ± 6.1% decrease in enhancement. Subsequent confocal, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the nanobubbles to the surface of RBCs, suggesting that direct interactions, or hitchhiking, of nanobubbles on RBCs in the presence of plasma may be a possible mechanism for the observed effects. This phenomenon could be key to extending nanobubble circulation time and has broad implications in drug delivery, where RBC interaction with nanoparticles could be exploited to improve delivery efficiency.

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Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in Cell Biology

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Gold Nanomaterials in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses, Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment

Gold Nanomaterials in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses, Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment

Anodic biofilms as the interphase for electroactive bacterial growth on carbon veil

Characterization of the Interaction of Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents with Human Blood Components

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