Environmental scanning and organizational culture

Abstract

This paper examines the connection between environmental scanning for market intelligence, organizational culture and generic strategies. The generic strategies, based on the Miles and Snow typology, are related to the organizational culture types developed by Deshpande et al. An enhanced model of the one proposed by Deshpande et al. is presented. By providing a more complete model, it is possible to more accurately represent an organization’s interaction with its environment with respect to its generic strategy and scanning approach. Propositions are presented pertaining to the type of scanning approach utilized by organizations in each quadrant. The paper concludes with planning implications for each quadrant.

Knowledge acquisition and environmental commitment in SMEs

“…In trying to characterize and classify scanning practices, authors have developed different models and typologies (Fahey and King, 1977;Jain, 1984;Saxby et al, 2002;Subramanian et al, 1994). For example, Jain (1984) has identified four stages: primitive, ad hoc, reactive and proactive.…”

Using Hollywood's greatest film scenes to illustrate concepts of organisational behaviour and management

“…The tipping point (Gladwell 2002) Strategic myopia (Asmus 2004, Lorsch 1986 Lawrence and Joyce 1986) Environmental Scanning (Albright 2004, Saxby 2002, May 2000 3. Ben Hur (Wyler 1959) The Chariot race sequence in the Roman Circus shows Ben Hur locked in a heated battle with the dreaded Messala.…”

“…(Miles and Snow 1978, Conant 1990, McDaniel 1987 Environ-mental Scanning (Albright 2004, Saxby 2002, May 2000 6. Singin' in the Rain (Donen and Kelly 1952) Don Lockwood (Gene Kelly) is inspired by Kathy's kiss and admonition to take care of his throat in the rain and 'heavy dew' because she's convinced that he will soon be a great singing star.…”

Competitive Intelligence Process Integrative Model Based on a Scoping Review of the Literature

“…• Environmental scanning (Aguilar, 1967;Fahey and King, 1977;Fahey et al, 1982;Hambrick, 1982;Sashittal and Jassawalla, 2001;Saxby et al, 2002) • Business intelligence (BI) (Cleland and King, 1975;Benjamin, 1979;Pearce, 1976) • Strategic intelligence (SI) (Aaker, 1983;Montgomery and Weinberg, 1979) • Competitor analysis (CA) (Ghoshal and Westney, 1991;Rothschild, 1979) • Competitive technical intelligence (CTI) (Albagi et al, 1996;Brockhoff, 1991) • Market intelligence (MI) (Chonko et al, 1991;Guyton, 1962;Maltz and Kohli, 1996) • Peripheral vision (Day and Shoemaker, 2006) • Competitive analytics (Davenport and Harris, 2006) Environmental scanning concepts, which are considered predecessors of CI, have appeared in literature since the 1960s beginning with Aguilar (1967). Some authors further developed the concept throughout the years with more important work being done in the 2000s (Beal, 2000;Kourteli, 2000;Saxby et al, 2002;Kumar et al, 2001;Voros, 2001;Decker et al, 2005;Vojak and Suarez-Nunez, 2005;Rajaniemi, 2005;Brouard, 2006;Knip, 2006).…”

“…Some authors further developed the concept throughout the years with more important work being done in the 2000s (Beal, 2000;Kourteli, 2000;Saxby et al, 2002;Kumar et al, 2001;Voros, 2001;Decker et al, 2005;Vojak and Suarez-Nunez, 2005;Rajaniemi, 2005;Brouard, 2006;Knip, 2006). (Calof and Wright, 2008: 720).…”