Environmental risk mapping of potential abandoned uranium mine contamination on the Navajo Nation, USA, using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach

Lin, Yan; Hoover, Joseph; Beene, Daniel; Erdei, Esther; Liu, Zhuoming

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09257-3

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This observational, cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in the Navajo Nation, the largest geographical reservation within the United States (Lin et al, 2020; Reno, 1981). Aligned with the CBP framework, the study is a part of a longitudinal partnership with stores on the Navajo Nation and informed by our study team’s Community Advisory Group aimed at evaluating the impacts of the HDNA legislation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food insecurity experienced today is a manifestation of long-standing effects of colonialism. The repeated use of Indigenous land for profit throughout American history has environmental and health risks pertaining to the contamination of groundwater, surface water, air, and soil (Lin et al, 2020; Reno, 1981). In the Western United States, there are more than 4,000 abandoned uranium mines (Lewis et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Indigenous Food Tax Policies in Stores on Navajo Nation

Sean

John

Greenfeld

et al. 2022

Health Promotion Practice

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In 2014, the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) was enacted and permanently approved in 2020; HDNA places a 2% surtax on unhealthy foods and beverages, while other 2014 legislation exempted healthy food items from the 6% regular sales tax. Little is known about Navajo Nation store manager/owner perspectives toward the HDNA and how best to support stores to implement the legislation. Purposive sampling was used to ensure a balanced sample of correct HDNA implementers, incorrect HDNA implementers, and stores which made healthy store changes over the past 6 years. Three community-based interviewers collected surveys by phone or in-person. Frequency of closed-ended questions was quantified, and open-ended responses were coded using thematic analysis. Of 29 identified sample stores, 20 were interviewed to reach saturation. Eleven of 20 stores made changes improving their healthy food environments. Barriers included lack of equipment (6/20) and low consumer demand (5/20). Facilitators included consumer awareness and increased produce supply options (5/20). Sixteen of 20 stores supported HDNA continuation. Facilitators to HDNA implementation included orientation and informational materials (6/20) and promotion of tax-free items (5/20). Barriers included confusion about the tax (6/20) and tax exemption (5/20). Suggestions for support included printed materials (6/20) and store training (5/20). HDNA benefits included greater awareness of healthy choices among staff (7/20) and customer-community members (2/20). Most managers and owners expressed receiving support for healthy store changes and HDNA, but also identified a need for added resources and support. Findings inform legislative action to promote timely and appropriate uptake of HDNA, and support equitable, healthy food systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Indigenous Food Tax Policies in Stores on Navajo Nation

Sean

John

Greenfeld

et al. 2022

Health Promotion Practice

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“…inequities [26][27][28]. These factors are compounded by a 44% poverty rate and high unemployment; both are large problems facing the Navajo people [7].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Diné Navajo Resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic

Denetclaw

Otto²,

Christie³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Objective To date, there are no studies of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Navajo Nation, US. The primary objective of this manuscript is to understand whether counties with a higher proportion of Navajo (Diné) population also had higher cases and deaths of COVID-19 and whether these dropped with vaccination. Method We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of county level data from March 16, 2020—May 11, 2021. Data were obtained from public repositories and the US Census for the Navajo Nation, including northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico. The primary outcome measure is the number of individuals with confirmed cases or deaths of COVID-19. A secondary outcome was COVID-19 vaccinations. Results The 11 counties in Navajo Nation have a wide variation in the percent Navajo population, the resources available (ICU beds and occupancy), and COVID-19 outcomes. Overall, there was a substantial increase in the number of cases from March 16 –July 16, 2020 (the height of the pandemic) with a doubling time of 10.12 days on Navajo Nation. The percent Navajo population was a strong predictor of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population. COVID-19 vaccinations were inversely associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths in these counties. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic on the Navajo Nation is a story of resilience. Navajo Nation was one of the hardest hit areas of the United States, with peak cases and deaths due to COVID-19. With an aggressive vaccination effort, these cases and deaths were strikingly curtailed, showing the resilience of the Navajo (Diné) people.

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“…However, they are considered in the calculation of the EI, and have been properly treated in other works [9]. The definition of components of the environmental factor is made according to the impacting actions that are caused by the aggregate extraction industries during the exploitation and reclamation stages [22]. Depending on the scale of work at the regional level, the components to be used must be in accordance with the available study data, and suitable for their depiction with GIS-type tools.…”

Section: Definition Of Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

Luis-Ruiz

Salas-Menocal

Fernández-Maroto

et al. 2021

IJGI

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The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

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Environmental risk mapping of potential abandoned uranium mine contamination on the Navajo Nation, USA, using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Implementation of Indigenous Food Tax Policies in Stores on Navajo Nation

Implementation of Indigenous Food Tax Policies in Stores on Navajo Nation

Diné Navajo Resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic

Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

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