Environmental Risk Limits for Two Phthalates, with Special Emphasis on Endocrine Disruptive Properties

Wezel, Annemarie P. van; Vlaardingen, P van; Posthumus, R; Crommentuijn, G.H.; Sijm, Dick T.H.M.

doi:10.1006/eesa.2000.1930

Cited by 225 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The higher the application rate of plastic film and poultry manure, the higher the PAE concentrations in the soils. In addition, the PAE components in plastic films are released to soils with the passage of time (Van Wezel et al, 2000;Hens and Caballos, 2003), and the longer the soils are covered with plastic film, the higher the soil PAE concentrations. PAEs in pesticides, irrigation water and aerial deposition were not analyzed in the present study.…”

Section: Pae Concentrations In Potential Source Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Wang

Luo

Teng

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

305

127

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a b s t r a c tThe concentrations of six priority phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in intensively managed suburban vegetable soils in Nanjing, east China, were analyzed using gas chromatographyemass spectrometry (GCeMS). The total PAE concentrations in the soils ranged widely from 0.15 to 9.68 mg kg À1 with a median value of 1.70 mg kg À1 , and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) were the most abundant phthalate esters. Soil PAE concentrations depended on the mode of use of plastic film in which PAEs were incorporated as plasticizing agents and both the plastic film and poultry manure appeared to be important sources of soil PAEs. Vegetables in rotation with flooded rice led to lower concentrations of PAEs in soil. The results indicate that agricultural plastic film can be an important source of soil PAE contamination and further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of PAE contamination of intensive agricultural soils with different use modes of use of plastic film.Crown

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Section: Pae Concentrations In Potential Source Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are widely used in general plastic products, cosmetics, personal care products, food packaging and medical products (Van Wezel et al, 2000;Hens and Caballos, 2003;Cai et al, 2008;Xia et al, 2011). The global consumption of PAEs is about 6.0 million tons per annum (Xie et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Wang

Luo

Teng

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

305

127

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“…From the organic substances have been tested: organic solvents (Barahona-Gomariz et al, 1994), acrylonitrile (Tong et al, 1996), antifouling agents (Okamura et al, 2000), oil dispersants (Zillioux, et al, 1973), phorbol esters (Kinghorn et al, 1977), phthalates (Van Wezel, et al, 2000), carbamates (Barahona & Sánchez-Fortún, 1998), atropine (Barahona & Sánchez-Fortún, 1998), anesthetics (Robinson et al, 1965), antihelmintics (Oliveira-Filho & Paumgartten, 2000), herbicides, insecticides, pesticides (Varó et al, 1997, mycotoxins (Schmidt, 1985;Panigrahi, 1993;Hlywka et al, 1997), pharmaceuticals (Touraki et al, 1999, Parra et al, 2001, pollutants (Knulst & Sodergren, 1994), opiates (Richter & Goldstein, 1970), various plant extracts (Cáceres et al, 1998), or toxins (Granade et al 1976;Vezie et al, 1996;Beattie et al, 2003). The tests on the genus Artemia have also been used to specify biological effects of some physical factors, such as ionizing radiation (Grosch & Erdman, 1955;Easter & Hutchinson, 1961), radionuclides (Boroughs et al, 1958), or UV (Dattilo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Alternative Biotests On Artemia Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Biotest on Artemia franciscana

Dvořák¹,

Beňová²,

Vitek³

2012

Ecotoxicology

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“…Phthalate esters, widely used as plasticizers and additives in many products, including plastics, pesticides, paints, and cosmetics, have spread all over the world owing to their huge production volume even though they are easily photodegraded or biodegraded by microorganisms [1]. Some of them can be accumulated in aquatic organisms [1] and have been regarded as endocrine disrupters and carcinogens [2], so many organizations, such as the European Union, the World Health Organization, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, have placed them on lists of priority pollutants [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a chitosan-coated C18-functionalized magnetite nanoparticle sorbent for extraction of phthalate ester compounds from environmental water samples

et al. 2010

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Novel superparamagnetic chitosan-coated C 18 -functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully synthesized and applied as an effective sorbent for the preconcentration of several typical phthalate ester compounds from environmental water samples. The MNPs were 20 nm in diameter and had a high magnetic saturation value (52 emu g −1 ), which endowed the sorbent with a large surface area and the convenience of isolation from water samples. Phthalate esters could be extracted by the interior octadecyl groups through hydrophobic interaction. The hydrophilic porous chitosan polymer coating promoted the dispersion of MNPs in water samples, and improved the anti-interference ability of the sorbent without influencing the adsorption of analytes. The main factors affecting the adsorption of phthalate esters, including the pH of the solution, humic acid, sample loading volume, adsorption time, and desorption conditions, were investigated and optimized. Under the conditions selected (pH 11, adsorption time 20 min, elution with 10 mL of acetonitrile, and concentration to 0.5 mL), concentration factors of 1,000were achieved by extracting 500 mL of several environmental water samples with 0.1 g of MNP sorbent. The method detection limits obtained for di-n-propyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate were 12.3, 18.7, 36.4, and 15.6 ng L −1 , respectively. The recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 60 to 100%, with a low relative standard deviation (1-8%), which indicated good method precision.

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Environmental Risk Limits for Two Phthalates, with Special Emphasis on Endocrine Disruptive Properties

Cited by 225 publications

References 61 publications

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Alternative Biotest on Artemia franciscana

Preparation of a chitosan-coated C18-functionalized magnetite nanoparticle sorbent for extraction of phthalate ester compounds from environmental water samples

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