Environmental Risk Factors and Parkinson's Disease: A Metaanalysis

Priyadarshi, Anumeet; Khuder, Sadik A.; Schaub, Eric A.; Priyadarshi, Snigdha

doi:10.1006/enrs.2001.4264

Cited by 361 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, the effect of long-term exposure to low-level PYRs on human health has been little characterized. A number of epidemiological studies have suggested the relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and environmental exposure to pesticides (Tanner and Langston, 1990;Gorell et al, 1998;Priyadarshi et al, 2001); a recent experimental study corroborated the possible underlying mechanism that in vivo exposure to PYRs, deltamethrin and permethrin, increases dopamine transporter and transporter-mediated dopamine uptake in the striatal synaptosome (Elwan et al, 2006). Also revealed by a recent study was the estrogenicity of PYR metabolites (McCarthy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Urinary excretion of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in middle-aged and elderly general population of Japan

Ueyama¹,

Kimata²,

Kamijima³

et al. 2009

Environmental Research

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Limited data are available on the background levels of exposure to synthetic pyrethroid (PYR) in Japan despite their frequent application for agriculture and indoor extermination and possible effects of chronic and/or low-dose PYR exposure on human health. This study was conducted to describe the level and distribution of one of the major PYR metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), in urine samples collected from a general population in Japan. The subjects were 535 individuals (184 men and 351 women; 61.5 ± 9.8 years of age, mean ± S.D.) residing in a town in Hokkaido, a dairy and agricultural area. Urinary 3-PBA was found detectable in 98% of samples above the limit of detection of 0.02 μg/L. The geometric mean values of urinary 3-PBA in occupationally exposed farmers (n = 87) and the remaining general group without occupational exposure (n = 448) were 0.38 μg/L and 0.29 μg/L, respectively, ranging from < LOD to 17.09 μg/L. No significant differences in urinary 3-PBA concentrations were shown between these two groups. Moreover, 3-PBA concentrations were found comparable to those reported in some countries. The present study is, to our knowledge, the first report of a biological monitoring study of urinary 3-PBA, which elucidated the background environmental exposure level of PYR in the Japanese general population without occupational exposure. Further nationwide studies covering different seasons and age distribution are needed to monitor the urinary 3-PBA levels in Japan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Urinary excretion of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in middle-aged and elderly general population of Japan

Ueyama¹,

Kimata²,

Kamijima³

et al. 2009

Environmental Research

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“…Firstly, unlike the other models, it reproduces most of the movement disorder symptoms and the histopathological features of PD, including Lewy bodies [4,5] . Secondly, rotenone is a powerful inhibitor of complex I in the mitochondrial respiration, and recent epidemiological studies suggest the involvement of these toxic compounds in the higher incidence of sporadic Parkinsonism [6][7][8] . Observations have shown that a defect in mitochondrial complex I activity may induce the apoptosis of dopaminergic cells, which may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in PD [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Bu-7, a flavonoid extracted from Clausena lansium, against rotenone injury in PC12 cells

Yuan

et al. 2011

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…Among the various environmental factors suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of PD, exposure to agrochemicals has been most intensely investigated (Gorell et al, 1998;Ritz and Yu, 2000;Herishanu et al, 2001;Priyadarshi et al, 2001). A number of groups have reported that administration of herbicides such as rotenone and paraquat induces parkinsonism in rodents (Betarbet et al, 2000;Thiruchelvam et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity of the Pesticide Rotenone and Inflammogen Lipopolysaccharide: Relevance to the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

et al. 2003

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway resulting in movement disorders. Although its etiology remains unknown, PD may be the final outcome of interactions among multiple factors, including exposure to environmental toxins and the occurrence of inflammation in the brain. In this study, using primary mesencephalic cultures, we observed that nontoxic or minimally toxic concentrations of the pesticide rotenone (0.5 nM) and the inflammogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5 ng/ml) synergistically induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The synergistic neurotoxicity of rotenone and LPS was observed when the two agents were applied either simultaneously or in tandem. Mechanistically, microglial NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species appeared to be a key contributor to the synergistic dopaminergic neurotoxicity. This conclusion was based on the following observations. First, inhibition of NADPH oxidase or scavenging of free radicals afforded significant neuroprotection. Second, rotenone and LPS synergistically stimulated the NADPH oxidase-mediated release of the superoxide free radical. Third and most importantly, rotenone and LPS failed to induce the synergistic neurotoxicity as well as the production of superoxide in cultures from NADPH oxidase-deficient animals. This is the first demonstration that low concentrations of a pesticide and an inflammogen work in synergy to induce a selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Findings from this study may be highly relevant to the elucidation of the multifactorial etiology of PD and the discovery of effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of the disease.

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Environmental Risk Factors and Parkinson's Disease: A Metaanalysis

Cited by 361 publications

References 34 publications

Urinary excretion of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in middle-aged and elderly general population of Japan

Urinary excretion of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in middle-aged and elderly general population of Japan

Protective effect of Bu-7, a flavonoid extracted from Clausena lansium, against rotenone injury in PC12 cells

Synergistic Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity of the Pesticide Rotenone and Inflammogen Lipopolysaccharide: Relevance to the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

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