Environmental resistance, disinfection, and sterilization of poxviruses

Rheinbaben, F. v.; Gebel, Jürgen; Exner, Martin; Schmidt, Axel

doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-7557-7_19

Cited by 31 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In general, poxviruses show high environmental stability compared with many other viruses (Rheinbaben et al, 2006;Wolf and Croon, 1968). VACV stored at low temperatures have been noted to resist deterioration for considerable periods of time.…”

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VACV stored at low temperatures have been noted to resist deterioration for considerable periods of time. It has been reported that VACV has retained virulence for periods exceeding 15 years frozen in buffer at -20 °C (Rheinbaben et al, 2006). Alternatively, while dried, VACV can be stored for >35 weeks at 4 0C without any loss in viability (Rheinbaben et al, 2006).…”

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that VACV has retained virulence for periods exceeding 15 years frozen in buffer at -20 °C (Rheinbaben et al, 2006). Alternatively, while dried, VACV can be stored for >35 weeks at 4 0C without any loss in viability (Rheinbaben et al, 2006). However, dried VACV embedded in rabbit dermal scabs inactivated after a 1-hr incubation at 90 0C in saline solution (Schumann and Grossgebauer, 1977).…”

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the temperature decreases to 10-11 0C and humidity is decreased to 20%, the survival rate of virions increases; after 24 hr, only 33% of the virus was reported inactivated (Henderson et al, 1999). When frozen in buffer at -20 0C, a titer reduction of only 3 log-steps is reported within 15 years (Rheinbaben et al, 2006). Freeze-dried material persisted at 45 °C for a period of 6 years with little signs of inactivation (Fenner et al, 1988).…”

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the inclusion body protein or envelope in which baculovirus and VACV are embedded provides the virus particle with some degree of protection against the deleterious effects of chemicals. Pox and baculoviruses are stable at pH near neutrality, and, from pH 4 to 8, these viruses have good short-term persistence (Andrews and Sikorowski, 1973;Ignoffo and Garcia, 1966;Rheinbaben et al, 2006;Young and Yearian, 1976).…”

Section: 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Vaccinia Virus and Baculovirus Viability Versus Virucides

Buckley¹,

O’Connell²,

Ouellette³

2008

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Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vacvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review of Vaccinia Virus and Baculovirus Viability Versus Virucides

Buckley¹,

O’Connell²,

Ouellette³

2008

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Avian disease surveillance on the island of San Cristóbal, Galápagos

Lynton-Jenkins

Russell

Chaves

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Endemic island species face unprecedented threats, with many populations in decline or at risk of extinction. One important threat is the introduction of novel and potentially devastating diseases, made more pressing due to accelerating global connectivity, urban development, and climatic changes. In the Galápagos archipelago two important wildlife diseases: avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) and avian malaria (Plasmodium spp. and related Haemosporidia) challenge endemic species. San Cristóbal island has seen a paucity of disease surveillance in avian populations, despite the island's connectedness to the continent and the wider archipelago. To survey prevalence and better understand the dynamics of these two diseases on San Cristóbal, we captured 1205 birds of 11 species on the island between 2016 and 2020. Study sites included urban and rural lowland localities as well as rural highland sites in 2019. Of 995 blood samples screened for avian haemosporidia, none tested positive for infection.In contrast, evidence of past and active pox infection was observed in 97 birds and identified as strains Gal1 and Gal2. Active pox prevalence differed significantly with contemporary climatic conditions, being highest during El Niño events (~11% in 2016 and in 2019 versus <1% in the La Niña year of 2018). Pox prevalence was also higher at urban sites than rural (11% to 4%, in 2019) and prevalence varied between host species, ranging from 12% in medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) to 4% in Yellow Warblers (Setophaga petechial aureola). In the most common infected species (Small Ground Finch: Geospiza fuliginosa), birds recovered from pox had significantly longer wings, which may suggest a selective cost to infection. These results illustrate the threat future climate changes and urbanization may present in influencing disease dynamics in the Galápagos, while also highlighting unknowns regarding species-specific susceptibilities to avian pox and the transmission dynamics facilitating outbreaks within these iconic species.

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Veterinary contribution needed on viral diseases

Guardo

2022

Veterinary Record

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Environmental resistance, disinfection, and sterilization of poxviruses

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Review of Vaccinia Virus and Baculovirus Viability Versus Virucides

Review of Vaccinia Virus and Baculovirus Viability Versus Virucides

Avian disease surveillance on the island of San Cristóbal, Galápagos

Veterinary contribution needed on viral diseases

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