Environmental protection and energy efficiency improvement by using natural gas fuel in maritime transportation

Abstract

Emissions from vessels are a major environmental concern because of their impacts on the deterioration of the environment, especially global warming of the atmosphere. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) concern significant care to environmental protection through the reduction of exhaust emission and improvement of energy efficiency through technical and operational measures. Among the suggested measures from IMO, the alternative fuel such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has the priority to be used instead of fossil fuels. The present paper calculates the effect of using LNG in a dual fuel engine from Environmental and Energy efficiency perspectives. As a case study, a Container Ship has been investigated. The results of the analysis show that percent of CO 2 , NOx and SOx emissions reduction corresponding to using a dual-fuel engine operating by LNG instead of a diesel engine operating by Heavy Fuel Oil is about 30.1%,81.44%, and 96.94%, respectively. Also, the attained Energy Efficiency Index Value in the case of using the dual-fuel engine is lower than its value by using diesel engine by about 30% and this value will be 77.18%, 86.84%, and 99.27% of the required value of the first, second and third phases, respectively as recommended by IMO.

Investigation of ship electric propulsion system performance from environmental and energy efficiency perspective

“…The environmental performance can be assessed by evaluating the exhaust emissions from ships. The energy e ciency can be assessed by using the procedure recommended from IMO by using Energy E ciency Design Index (EEDI) procedure (Elkafas et al 2021b).…”

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square

“…The technical performance can be assessed by using the procedure recommended from IMO through the calculation of Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) (Elkafas et al 2021b). EEDI has two indexes, a restrictive value ( EEDI JKL ) and the actual value (EEDI B"" ) which should be lower than the restrictive value.…”

“…On the other hand, SOx is proportional to SFC and the content of sulfur in the fuel (S) so that the SOX emission energy-based rate ( =06 ) can be calculated by Eq. (4) (EPA 2000;ICF 2009;Elkafas et al 2021b).…”

“…Liquid marine alternative fuels include Methanol, Ethanol, and Bio liquid fuel. On the other hand, the main alternative gasses fuels include Natural gas, Propane, Hydrogen, and Ammonia (Elkafas et al 2021b).…”

Mitigation of Ship Emissions: Overview of Recent Trends

“…The ever-increasing desire to utilize this vast resource while ensuring its preservation is now an area where engineers are adapting a growing number of land-based technologies to green marine applications . In return for this growth, the environmental impact of intensive maritime operationsin particular, the pollutants emitted by ship exhaust gasescan no longer be ignored . The current initiatives, which focus on the development of ship-specific gas scrubbers, are an example of progressive steps toward an environmentally friendly maritime industry .…”