Environmental pollution in the petroleum refining industry

Damian, Cristina

doi:10.2478/auoc-2013-0018

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…We redefine the background, global NS two form, charge by absorbing the torsion charge and obtain a typical 4D Schwarzschild-like black hole in the effective curvature formalism. For instance, we refer to references [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] for an extensive review on various recent developments in de Sitter geometries and inflationary string cosmology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quintessence and effective RN de Sitter brane geometries

Pandey

Singh

et al. 2014

Eur. Phys. J. C

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We revisit the effective space-time torsion curvature in a second order formalism, underlying the non-linear U (1) gauge dynamics, of a two form on a D 4 -brane. The formalism incorporates a significant global NS two form into the theory via its perturbative coupling to a dynamical two form. In particular we explore the non-linear gauge dynamics on a D 4 -brane in the presence of a non-trivial background metric. An effective de Sitter universe is shown to emerge on a vacuum created pair of (DD) 3 -branes by a local two form at the past horizon with the Big Bang. We obtain a number of 4D de Sitter quantum black holes with and without a propagating torsion. In a low energy limit the non-perturbative correction may be seen to be insignificant. The quantum black hole undergoes an expansion in the limit and identifies with the Einstein vacuum. Interestingly our analysis reveals a plausible quintessence (axion) on an anti-D 3 -brane which may source the dark energy in a D 3 -brane universe. Arguably a brane universe moves away from its anti-brane due to the conjectured repulsive gravity underlying the quintessence. It leads to a growth in the extra fifth dimension between a brane and an anti-brane, which may provide a clue to an accelerating universe as observed in cosmology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quintessence and effective RN de Sitter brane geometries

Pandey

Singh

et al. 2014

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…It is therefore extremely important to map out more stringent regulatory and technologically driven measures that can be applied, with acceptable level of capital investment to bring about absolute reduction in the emission of pollutants to the environment from refineries. Some of the measures may include introduction of basically new refining processes, improved units and equipment, and advanced methods for organizing production (Damian, 2013), improvement in the crude oil pretreatment method before processing, the use of larger tank for storage of crude oil and petroleum products, with the installation of floating roofs. Also, avoidance of leakages and cracks from valves, pipes and tanks must be ensured; discharge of pressure relief valves into treatment equipment should be put in place and the effect of the construction of combination of units for several processes in a single process block should not be underestimated (Damian, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They separate crude oil into different fractions and other products through sequence of separation techniques. However, potential environmental pollution associated with the petroleum refineries continues to generate great concern to the host communities (Damian, 2013). Exposure to pollutants emitted from petroleum refinery has been reported to be responsible for cancer-related illness; developmental and reproductive difficulties; complication in respiratory condition as well as cardiovascular diseases (Edokpolo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the contribution of TEX air pollutants from Nigeria’s petroleum refineries to the ambient air quality: Part II

et al. 2021

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Environmental hazards associated with release of emission from petroleum refineries have caused serious concerns for the host communities. The study focused on the assessment of the contribution of Nigerian refineries to the ambient air quality. Total emission of toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (TEX) from Nigerian twenty-six (four existing and twenty-two proposed) refineries were estimated using emission factor approach, under no-control measure (worst case scenario) option. Results showed that the four existing refineries emit 2.90 × 10 13 tons of toluene, 1.93 × 10 13 tons ethyl benzene and 1.06 × 10 13 tons per year while the twenty-two proposed refineries have the capacity of releasing annually 9.17 × 10 13 tons of toluene, 6.69 × 10 13 tons of ethyl benzene and .95 x 10 13 tons of xylene. If operated at full capacity, the total estimated TEX emission from the existing refineries stood at 5.89 × 10 13 tons/year while the proposed refineries have the potential of adding additional 2.01 × 10 14 tons/year. These concentrations were considered as environmental menace that could have adverse health challenge of the residents of the host communities. Some technologically driven measures to control and subsequently reduce TEX emission from these refineries were suggested.

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“…Anthropogenic sources and emission levels of air pollutants vary across the globe depending on the level of advancement and technological development of a country, living standard; cultural beliefs of people in a given society and management strategies put in place. Prominent among the leading causes of air emissions worldwide are power generation plants ( Sonibare 2010 ; Chen, 2017 ; Medeiros et al., 2017 ; US EPA, 2017 ; US EPA, 2018 ; Tiwari et al., 2019 ; Strasert et al., 2019 ); traffic and transportation system ( Fakinle et al., 2013 , 2020 ; Jandacka et al., 2017 ; Kurnykina et al., 2018 ); petroleum refining ( Damian, 2013 ; Oladimeji et al., 2015a , Oladimeji et al., 2015b ; Ragothaman and Anderson, 2017 ; Haridoss, 2017 ); industrial manufacturing processes and services ( Al-Hasnawi et al., 2016 ; Okedere et al., 2018 ; Adeyanju and Okeke, 2019 ) and gas flaring. Notable among the air pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ); oxides of nitrogen (NOx); sulphur di oxide (SO 2 ); particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), black carbons, organic carbons; heavy metals; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Straight-chain hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and ground level ozone (O 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

Okedere

Elehinafe

Oyelami

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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This study presents a review of sources and atmospheric levels of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria with a view to reviewing the existence or otherwise of national coordination aimed at mitigating the continued increase. According to individual researcher's reports, the atmospheric loading of anthropogenic air pollutants is currently on an alarming increase in Nigeria. Greater concerns are premised on the inadequacy existing emission inventories, continuous assessment, political will and development of policy plans for effective mitigation of these pollutants. The identified key drivers of these emissions include gas flaring, petroleum product refining, thermal plants for electricity generation, transportation, manufacturing sector, land use changes, proliferation of small and medium enterprises, medical wastes incineration, municipal waste disposal, domestic cooking, bush burning and agricultural activities such as land cultivation and animal rearing. Having identified the key sources of anthropogenic air emissions and established the rise in their atmospheric levels through aggregation of literature reports, this study calls for a review of energy policy, adoption of best practices in the management air emissions and solid wastes as well as agriculture and land use pattern which appear to be the rallying points of all identified sources of emission. The study concluded that the adoption of cleaner energy policies and initiatives in energy generation and usage as against pursuit of thermal plants and heavy dependence on fossil fuels will assist to ameliorate the atmospheric loadings of these pollutants.

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Environmental pollution in the petroleum refining industry

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Quintessence and effective RN de Sitter brane geometries

Quintessence and effective RN de Sitter brane geometries

Assessment of the contribution of TEX air pollutants from Nigeria’s petroleum refineries to the ambient air quality: Part II

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

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