Environmental Performance of Marine Net‐Pen Aquaculture in the United States

Rust, Michael; Amos, Kevin; Bagwill, April; Dickhoff, Walton W.; Juárez, Lorenzo Mariano; Price, Carol Seals; Morris, James A.; Rubino, Michael C.

doi:10.1080/03632415.2014.966818

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…The second reason is certainly possible. We know that fisheries management can demonstrably improve sustainability of stocks [47] and ecosystem health [48], that MPAs can benefit biodiversity [49,50], and that aquaculture regulations can reduce ecosystem impacts of farmed seafood provision [51]. However, measurable responses in ocean health to such management actions can be slow, difficult to detect at large assessment scales, and confounded by other pressures and impacts beyond the boundaries of our coastal social-ecological system.…”

Section: Assessing Management Within the Ohi Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ocean health in British Columbia from 2001 to 2016

et al. 2020

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Effective management of marine systems requires quantitative tools that can assess the state of the marine social-ecological system and are responsive to management actions and pressures. We applied the Ocean Health Index (OHI) framework to retrospectively assess ocean health in British Columbia annually from 2001 to 2016 for eight goals that represent the values of British Columbia's coastal communities. We found overall ocean health improved over the study period, from 75 (out of 100) in 2001 to 83 in 2016, with scores for inhabited regions ranging from 68 (North Coast, 2002) to 87 (West Vancouver Island, 2011). Highest-scoring goals were Tourism & Recreation (average 94 over the period) and Habitat Services (100); lowest-scoring goals were Sense of Place (61) and Food Provision (64). Significant increases in scores over the time period occurred for Food Provision (+1.7 per year), Sense of Place (+1.4 per year), and Coastal Livelihoods (+0.6 per year), while Habitat Services (-0.01 per year) and Biodiversity (-0.09 per year) showed modest but statistically significant declines. From the results of our time-series analysis, we used the OHI framework to evaluate impacts of a range of management actions. Despite challenges in data availability, we found evidence for the ability of management to reduce pressures on several goals, suggesting the potential of OHI as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of marine resource management to improve ocean health. Our OHI assessment provides an important comprehensive evaluation of ocean health in British Columbia, and our open and transparent process highlights opportunities for improving accessibility of social and ecological data to inform future assessment and management of ocean health.

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Section: Assessing Management Within the Ohi Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ocean health in British Columbia from 2001 to 2016

et al. 2020

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“…While the state of the science for best practices and technologies that can minimize these risks is growing and improving, there is uncertainty and justified concern around the potential long‐term and local effects associated with some of these risks. Using science‐based siting, best practices, collaborative monitoring, and management along with appropriate technologies and farming methods (e.g., integrated multitrophic aquaculture) can substantially reduce the probability of severe, irreversible impacts from these risks, and in some cases, eliminate them altogether (FAO, ; Lester, Stevens, et al, ; Price & Morris, ; Rust et al, ).…”

Section: Moving Food Production To the Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming the Sea: The Only Way to Meet Humanity's Future Food Needs

Schubel

Thompson

2019

GeoHealth

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A major change began 10,000–12,000 years ago when humans began to practice agriculture. A series of “green revolutions” enabled the human population to explode, but these advancements have dramatically changed the planet. The United Nations predicts that we will need to produce 50% more food by 2050 to feed another 2.5 billion people, but this will be challenging with tighter land and water resources and a changing climate. Responsible marine aquaculture can complement responsible land‐based agriculture and aquaculture and well‐managed fisheries to increase the global supply of nutritious food.

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“…Operations that collect wild spat or seed avoid dependence on hatcheries, but rely on the transport of larvae by coastal currents from sites to growing areas [42]. Escape from pens is a major concern for finfish aquaculture [43,44]. Restoration aquaculture, or fishery enhancement, where RUs are grown and then released into the wild, is another special case in which RU mobility is relevant [45,46].…”

Section: The Ses Framework Applied To Marine Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Social-Ecological System Framework for Marine Aquaculture Research

et al. 2019

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Aquaculture has been responsible for an impressive growth in the global supply of seafood. As of 2016, more than half of all global seafood production comes from aquaculture. To meet future global seafood demands, there is need and opportunity to expand marine aquaculture production in ways that are both socially and ecologically sustainable. This requires integrating biophysical, social, and engineering sciences. Such interdisciplinary research is difficult due to the complexity and multi-scale aspects of marine aquaculture and inherent challenges researchers face working across disciplines. To this end, we developed a framework based on Elinor Ostrom’s social–ecological system framework (SESF) to guide interdisciplinary research on marine aquaculture. We first present the framework and the social–ecological system variables relevant to research on marine aquaculture and then illustrate one application of this framework to interdisciplinary research underway in Maine, the largest producer of marine aquaculture products in the United States. We use the framework to compare oyster aquaculture in two study regions, with a focus on factors influencing the social and biophysical carrying capacity. We conclude that the flexibility provided by the SESF is well suited to inform interdisciplinary research on marine aquaculture, especially comparative, cross-case analysis.

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Environmental Performance of Marine Net‐Pen Aquaculture in the United States

Cited by 20 publications

References 115 publications

Changes in ocean health in British Columbia from 2001 to 2016

Changes in ocean health in British Columbia from 2001 to 2016

Farming the Sea: The Only Way to Meet Humanity's Future Food Needs

A Social-Ecological System Framework for Marine Aquaculture Research

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