Environmental performance of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor treating actual municipal wastewater during start-up phase

Abstract

The present study summarizes the start-up performance and lessons learned during the start-up and optimization of a pilot-scale plant employing integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process treating actual municipal wastewater. A comprehensive start-up was tailored and implemented to cater for all the challenges and problems associated with start-up. After attaining desired suspended biomass (2,000-3,000 mg/L) and sludge age (∼7 days), the average biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were observed as 77.3 and 70.9%, respectively, at optimized conditions, i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT), 6.9 h; return sludge rate, 160%. The influent concentrations of COD, BOD, total suspended solids, NH3-N, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be in the range of 157-476 mg/L, 115-283 mg/L, 152-428 mg/L, 23.2-49.3 mg/L, 30.1-52 mg/L and 3.6-7.8 mg/L, respectively, and the minimum effluent concentrations were achieved as ∼49 mg/L, 23 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 3.4 mg/L and 2.8 mg/L, respectively, at optimum state. The present system was found effective in the removal of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, 79%; Salmonella spp., 97.5%; Shigella spp., 92.9%) as well as coliforms (total coliforms, 97.65%; faecal coliforms, 80.35%) without any disinfection unit. Moreover it was observed that the time required for the stabilization of the plant was approximately 3 weeks if other parameters (sludge age, HRT and dissolved oxygen) are set to optimized values.

Modelling the performance of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system: a systematic approach to automated calibration

“…Fortunately a pilot-scale version of the modelled WWT system had been operated in Rishikesh, Uttar Pradesh, India over the course of 2015 as a research platform for this new technology. During this time it was subject to intense investigation that resulted in a series of publications 50 – 55 . Most notably was a study into the effects of DO stress on the system 51 .…”

“…For the purpose of the present work, data from the 2.5 mg/L DO regime was used as observed data for the calibration, while the remaining two regimes were utilized in the validation phase as independent data. Investigation from the calibration regime was reported in greater detail in an earlier publication 50 .…”

Model Estimasi Biokinetika Untuk Proses Post-Denitrifikasi Air Limbah Domestik Pada Unit Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

“…Konsentrasi XSS-1 rata-rata berkisar 2550±450 mgL -1 , serta organic loading rate (OLR) rata-rata berkisar 64,5±14,4 g-COD L -1 hari -1 (Gambar 4). Konsentrasi XSS-1 pada unit ABR post-denitrifikasi memenuhi standar operasional untuk pengolahan biologis sebesar 2000-3000 mgL -1 (Singh et al, 2015). Pada Gambar 4, konsentrasi MLSS mengalami fluktuasi peningkatan pada waktu operasi unit lebih dari 100 hari.…”

Reduksi Energi Pengolahan Air Limbah di Kawasan Industri Dengan Implementasi Teknologi Food Chain Reactor (Studi Kasus : Kawasan Industri Jababeka Bekasi)

“…Penelitian mengenai kinerja start-up skala pilot teknologi IFAS dalam air limbah aktual menunjukkan bahwa pada saat konsentrasi biomasa (MLVSS) telah mencapai rentang 2000-3000 mg/L dengan umur lumpur (SRT= Solid Retention Time) 7 hari, diperoleh hasil penurunan BOD sebesar 77,3 % dan penurunan COD sebesar 70,9%. Dengan waktu tinggal hidrolis (HRT = Hydraulic Retention Time) sebesar 6,9 jam, serta laju alir resirkulasi lumpur aktif sebesar 160 % [5]. Selain itu, sistem IFAS ini juga menunjukkan hasil yang efektif dalam menurunkan beberapa bakteri patogen dengan kinerja berturut-turut sebagai berikut Escherichia coli, 79%; Salmonella spp., 97,5%; Shigella spp., 92,9%, total coliforms, 97,65%; faecal coliforms, 80,35% walaupun tanpa melalui proses desinfeksi [5].…”

“…Dengan waktu tinggal hidrolis (HRT = Hydraulic Retention Time) sebesar 6,9 jam, serta laju alir resirkulasi lumpur aktif sebesar 160 % [5]. Selain itu, sistem IFAS ini juga menunjukkan hasil yang efektif dalam menurunkan beberapa bakteri patogen dengan kinerja berturut-turut sebagai berikut Escherichia coli, 79%; Salmonella spp., 97,5%; Shigella spp., 92,9%, total coliforms, 97,65%; faecal coliforms, 80,35% walaupun tanpa melalui proses desinfeksi [5]. Sedangkan Implementasi teknologi IFAS pada proyek River of Life Project (ROL) untuk memperbaiki kualitas air sungai menunjukkan hasil bahwa pada beban BOD yang rendah (10-30 mg BOD/L), dengan teknologi IFAS dapat dicapai efisiensi penurunan BOD yang baik meskipun dalam konsentrasi MLVSS yang rendah (0,2-50 mg/L) [6].…”