Environmental organisations in Turkey: engaging the state and capital

Environmental Sustainability: A Case of Policy Implementation Failure?

“…Rogers and Wilkinson [41] argued that the failure to pass the Canada Endangered Species Protection Act was due to the framing of all discussions in the economic context with commercial interests valued over species protection. Paker et al [49] found similar results when examining the success of environmentally focused civil society organisations. The authors argued that the state was unwilling to engage with organisations that were at odds with economic priorities and that economic growth was favoured over the implementation of environmental legislation.…”

“…The second most common economic cause of policy implementation failure was the favouring of economic outcomes over environmental sustainability [32,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Rogers and Wilkinson [41] argued that the failure to pass the Canada Endangered Species Protection Act was due to the framing of all discussions in the economic context with commercial interests valued over species protection.…”

“…Case studies in Finland, Italy, the West Balkans and Australia indicated that failure may result where policies are not well developed, are not implemented fully, are not politically popular, or go against a prevailing political agenda [41,47,48,67,71,74,79,[92][93][94]. Dominant interests, such as extractive industries, may influence what is politically feasible, resulting in a failure to deliver sustainability [41,42,44,46,49,58,60,73,81,93,[95][96][97]. An unstable political climate or corruption can further limit success [37,49,53,56,59,67,74,77,96,98].…”

NGOs in Turkey’s Media Field: Causes, Sources and Potentials for Development

“…This further decreases the NGOs' already limited resources available for specific issues. At the same time, it confirms recent warnings in civil society literature about the increasing political and economical constraints they impose (Paker et al 2013). Yet, the increase of problems in the media field provides the NGOs with an opportunity to address these issues and thus spread their social impact, in so far as resources permit.…”

“…At the structural level, people's perceptions of civil society have been questioned on the grounds that both its autonomy and the capacity are constrained politically and economically (Paker et al 2013). The internal level, on the other hand, suggests a plurality of civil societies, with actors that may have different features and objectives, including contrasting internal dynamics (Fioramonti and Kononykhina 2015).…”