Environmental optimization of tree-shaped water distribution networks

Bieupoude, P.; Azoumah, Y.; Neveu, Pierre

doi:10.2495/wrm110091

“…Applying the tree-shaped fractal patterns to reflect WDN helps to find the best diameters scaling laws and optimal angles that minimise the total water head losses to the overall water residence time (Azoumah et al, 2012). Moreover, in the construction of WDN as a tree-shaped pattern, the method of exergy destruction minimisation is equivalent to minimising mechanical irreversibility under a water quality constraint (Bieupoude, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Applications Of Water Network Fractal Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal Geometry in Designing and Operating Water Networks

Iwanek¹,

Kowalski²,

Kowalska³

et al. 2020

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Fractals are self-similar sets that cannot be easily described by classical geometry. Fractal sets have been implemented in almost all areas of human activity since they were introduced to science by Mandelbrot in 1982. For the last 10 years, the interest in fractal geometry has increased by the issues connected with water distribution networks (WDNs). The aim of this paper was to review the application of fractal geometry in designing and operating WDNs. Treating a WDN as a fractal pattern enables its description and classification, simplifies the assessment of a network reliability, helps to solve the problems of routing and dimensioning WDN, as well as enables to select the places to locate measurement points in a network to control water quality, pressure in pipes and water flow rate. Moreover, the application of tree-shaped fractal patterns to reflect WDNs helps to solve the problems of their optimization. Fractal geometry can be also applied to investigate the results of WDNs failures connected with leakage of water to the ground. Using fractal dimension of a pattern created by points reflecting places of water outflow on the soil surface after a prospective pipe breakage enables to determine the zone near a pipe, where the outflow of water on the soil surface is possible. It is an important approach for the security of humans and existing infrastructure. Usage of fractal geometry in description, optimisation and operation analysis of WDNs still continues, which confirms the efficiency of fractal geometry as a research tool. On the other hand, it can be supposed that fractal geometry possibilities have still not been fully used.

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“…For the specifi c case of pressure water distribution systems, two important phenomena are in competition: head losses leading to energy consumption and chemical losses causing water quality degradation, according to Kerneïs et al [5], showing that there is a trade-off to be found by design procedures. This is the concern of this paper which is an extended version of our recent works [6] in which thermodynamics of irreversible process is used [7] to describe the fl ow. This enabled to quantify the total exergy destruction of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructal tree-shaped water distribution networks by an environmental approach

Bieupoude

¹

,

Azoumah

²

,

Neveu

³

2012

Int. J. DNE

Self Cite

0

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Flow systems most often present thermal, mechanical and chemical losses due to irreversibility during the fl owing fl uid transport. These losses strongly impact both their energy performances and the fl owing fl uid quality. In this paper, two effective, drinking water and irrigation, tree-shaped networks (from the fl uid quality and energy performance points of view) are constructed by using the constructal approach coupled with the exergy destruction minimization method. It is shown that in the construction of tree-shaped network for water distribution, the method of exergy destruction minimization is equivalent to minimizing mechanical irreversibility (this is equivalent to pumping power) under a water quality constraint. For both phenomena occurring in the network (energy consumption and the fl uid quality degradation), this study offers new interesting routes for optimizing the system either by the exergy destruction minimization (in that case, both irreversible processes are taken into account in the design procedure) or by minimizing one of the two irreversible processes, the other being taken into account as the design constraint. The originality of the method relies on the introduction of the environmental protection through the control of the fl owing fl uid quality. This paper shows that, for the performance improvement of a water distribution network, it is important to focus on the design of the network rather than enhancing only the transport properties. Note fi nally that the focus on the quality in fl ow systems is a crucial approach in environmental engineering such as drinking water distribution systems or chemical fl uids transfer systems. The approach presented in this paper should be seen as an introduction to reactive fl ow systems designing by constructal approach.

show abstract

“…For the specifi c case of pressure water distribution systems, two important phenomena are in competition: head losses leading to energy consumption and chemical losses causing water quality degradation, according to Kerneïs et al [5], showing that there is a trade-off to be found by design procedures. This is the concern of this paper which is an extended version of our recent works [6] in which thermodynamics of irreversible process is used [7] to describe the fl ow. This enabled to quantify the total exergy destruction of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructal tree-shaped water distribution networks by an environmental approach

Bieupoude¹,

Azoumah²,

Neveu³

2012

Int. J. DNE

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flow systems most often present thermal, mechanical and chemical losses due to irreversibility during the fl owing fl uid transport. These losses strongly impact both their energy performances and the fl owing fl uid quality. In this paper, two effective, drinking water and irrigation, tree-shaped networks (from the fl uid quality and energy performance points of view) are constructed by using the constructal approach coupled with the exergy destruction minimization method. It is shown that in the construction of tree-shaped network for water distribution, the method of exergy destruction minimization is equivalent to minimizing mechanical irreversibility (this is equivalent to pumping power) under a water quality constraint. For both phenomena occurring in the network (energy consumption and the fl uid quality degradation), this study offers new interesting routes for optimizing the system either by the exergy destruction minimization (in that case, both irreversible processes are taken into account in the design procedure) or by minimizing one of the two irreversible processes, the other being taken into account as the design constraint. The originality of the method relies on the introduction of the environmental protection through the control of the fl owing fl uid quality. This paper shows that, for the performance improvement of a water distribution network, it is important to focus on the design of the network rather than enhancing only the transport properties. Note fi nally that the focus on the quality in fl ow systems is a crucial approach in environmental engineering such as drinking water distribution systems or chemical fl uids transfer systems. The approach presented in this paper should be seen as an introduction to reactive fl ow systems designing by constructal approach.

show abstract

Environmental optimization of tree-shaped water distribution networks

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Fractal Geometry in Designing and Operating Water Networks

Fractal Geometry in Designing and Operating Water Networks

Constructal tree-shaped water distribution networks by an environmental approach

Constructal tree-shaped water distribution networks by an environmental approach

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