Environmental Nanoremediation under Changing Climate

Abstract

MANY global problems threaten our life on the Planet including climate changes, environmental pollution, food and soil security, energy crisis, etc. This environmental pollution has not only mainly serious risks and stress involving the human health and safety of the entire ecosystem but also the quantity and quality of crops productivity worldwide. Due to the great gap between the global food production and the global consumption, there is a crucial need to cultivate these contaminated lands sooner or later. Therefore, the removing of pollutants from soils and waters should be performed in frame of sustainable remediation and sustainable energy production accordingly. Depending on many factors (source and kind of pollutants, land use and the economics of water and soil resources, etc) many strategies should be addressed for the sustainable and integrated management of polluted lands. Nanoremediation is a promising strategy in controlling pollution and management. Three major applications of nanoremediation could be characterized including detection of pollution using nanosensors, prevention of pollution, purification and remediation of contamination. Further studies also concerning the impact of changing climate on the nanoremediation process in the agroecosystems should be considered. Thus, this review will focus on the evaluation of environmental nanoremediation and its strategy in polluted lands under climate changes. Using of nanotechnology in pollution control as well as the environmental pollution and its sustainable management also will be highlighted.Keywords: Environmental nanoremediation, Climate change, Pollution, Crop production, Environmental stress. IntroductionClimate changes are a great challenge facing the human kind as well as other living things. The production of crops and other agricultural features are extremely susceptible to changes in climate. So, these global changes will be caused major shifts in crop distribution due to climate changes in the future. Moreover, it has been estimated that climate changes are likely to reduce yields and/or damage crops in the 21 Removing of pollutants from soils and waters could be linked with both the sustainable remediation as well as sustainable energy production (Kovacs and Szemmelveisz 2017; Zheng and Shi 2017). Many strategies for the sustainable and integrated management of polluted lands should be addressed depending on several factors e.g., type of pollutants and their level, the purpose of land use after remediation, soil characterization and its topography, climate , cropping patterns and the availability of resources and their economics (El-Ramady et al. 2017;Saha et al. 2017a). Furthermore, a great debate concerning using of lands for crop food production (under growing global population) or energy crop production was and still for ages (Paschalidou et al. 2016). Therefore, a global and holistic strategy in facing the main three threats including hunger, lack of energy and pollution of environment as well as climate changes should be esta...

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