Environmental monitoring in four European museums

Please cite this article as: Chatoutsidou SE, Mašková L, Ondráčková L, Ondráček J, Lazaridis M, Smolík J, Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague, Building and Environment (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A dynamic mass balance model was introduced taking account particle penetration from outdoors and indoor losses (deposition, ventilation). The model was used to determine deposition rate k and penetration efficiency P in 13 discrete size intervals. Model performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) by selecting different pairs of k and P. No unique solution found, thus, averaged values of k and P from the best correlated pairs were used to estimate infiltration factor. Good agreement between infiltration factor and I/O ratio confirmed that modeled k and P were well-estimated. The deposition rate was found to depend strongly on particle size with higher rates for ultrafine and coarse particles. Penetration efficiency, on the other hand, was not clearly related with particle size. The infiltration factor varied substantially with particle size with less effective removal for accumulation fraction (0.1-0.7 µm). Higher infiltration factor for ultrafine particles, compared to coarse particles, indicates that enrichment of the library at this size is caused by penetration from outdoors. On the other hand, human presence during visiting hours found to contribute significantly to coarse particles by increasing the indoor number concentration by a factor of 3, 3.2 and 2 during spring, summer and winter respectively.

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“…Indoor-outdoor relationship of ambient PM is reported in other studies dealing with museum environments [7,18,21,25,46]. …”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 57%

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chatoutsidou

Mašková

Ondráčková

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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“…Average S concentrations in winter were 1.6-2.0 times compared with those in summer for PM 2.5 and TSP. The indoor TSP S concentrations were one order of magnitude higher than the S concentrations measured in four European museums (Camuffo et al, 2001). The element K concentrations in winter were about 3 times higher than those in summer for PM 2.5 and TSP, pointed to the influence of biomass burning from domestic cooking and heating in winter around the museum.…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Since the 1980s, a series of indoor air studies in museums have been carried out in developed countries such as Italy, Austria, Belgium, UK, and USA (Ligocki et al, 1990;Nazaroff et al, 1990;Grosjean et al, 1992;Brimblecombe et al, 1999;Camuffo et al, 1999Camuffo et al, , 2001Gysels et al, 2002;Worobiec et al, 2008). China has more than 2,000 museums containing artifacts from its 7,000 years' history (http://www.sach.gov.cn/), but little attention is paid regarding air quality and its effects on Chinese museums except for a study on the Yungang cave pollution (Christoforou et al, 1996(Christoforou et al, , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor Atmospheric Particles at Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, Xi’an, China

Cao

Chow

et al. 2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Indoor particles and microclimate were measured in summer (August 2004) and winter (January 2005) periods inside and outside Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Museum in Xi'an, China. Indoor temperature ranged from 21.9°C to 32.4°C in summer and from 0°C to 5.3°C in winter. Relative humidity varied from 56% to 80% in summer and from 48% to 78% in winter. The number concentrations of particles were lower (0.3-1.0 μm) in summer, and were higher (1.0-7.0 μm) in winter. The average indoor PM 2.5 and TSP concentrations were 108.4 ± 30.3 μg/m 3 and 172.4 ± 46.5 μg/m 3 in summer and were 242.3 ± 189.0 μg/m 3 and 312.5 ± 112.8 μg/m 3 in winter, respectively. Sulfate, organic matter, and geological material dominated indoor PM 2.5 , followed by ammonium, nitrate, and elemental carbon. Several milligram of sulfate particles can deposited in the museum per square meter each year based on the dry deposition estimate. High concentrations of acidic particles suspended inside the museum and their depositions have high risk for the erosion of the terra-cotta figures.

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“…SO 2 , NO x , and O 3 are known to be the main externally generated pollutants causing heritage material degradation (Camuffo et al, 2001;Camuffo et al, 1999). With the decline of concentrations of traffic-generated pollutants as a result of strict environmental regulations in the last decade, in heritage institutions the focus is slowly shifting towards indoor-generated pollutants, particularly organic acids (Ryhl-Svendsen and Glastrup, 2002;Schieweck et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile aldehydes in libraries and archives

Fenech

Strlič

Cigić

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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Volatile aldehydes are produced during degradation of paper-based materials. This may result in their accumulation in archival and library repositories. However, no systematic study has been performed so far. In the frame of this study, passive sampling was carried out at ten locations in four libraries and archives. Despite the very variable sampling locations, no major differences were found, although air-filtered repositories were found to have lower concentrations while a non-ventilated newspaper repository exhibited the highest concentrations of volatile aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural and hexanal). Five employees in one institution were also provided with personal passive samplers to investigate employees' exposure to volatile aldehydes. All values were lower than the presently valid exposure limits.The concentration of volatile aldehydes, acetic acid, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in general was also compared with that of outdoor-generated pollutants. It was evident that inside the repository and particularly inside archival boxes, the concentration of VOCs and acetic acid was much higher than the concentration of outdoor-generated pollutants, which are otherwise more routinely studied in connection with heritage materials. This indicates that further work on the pro-degradative effect of VOCs on heritage materials is necessary and that monitoring of VOCs in heritage institutions should become more widespread.

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Environmental monitoring in four European museums

Cited by 175 publications

References 18 publications

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor Atmospheric Particles at Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, Xi’an, China

Volatile aldehydes in libraries and archives

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