Environmental monitoring aware routing: making environmental sensor networks more robust

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have a broad application range in the area of monitoring and surveillance tasks. Among these tasks, disaster detection or prevention in environmental scenarios is one typical application for WSN. Disasters may for example be forest fires, volcano outbreaks or flood disasters. Here, the monitored events have the potential to destroy the sensor devices themselves. This has implications for the network lifetime, performance and robustness. While a fairly large body of work addressing routing in WSNs exists, little attention has been paid to the aspect of node failures caused by the sensed phenomena themselves. This paper presents a proactive routing method that is aware of the node's destruction threat and adapts the routes accordingly, before node failure results in broken routes, delay and power consuming route re-discovery. The performance of the presented routing scheme is evaluated and compared to OLSR based routing in the same scenario.

IoT-Based Intelligent Modeling of Smart Home Environment for Fire Prevention and Safety

“…The proposed work consists of four major parts: (i) an approach for sensor deployment, (ii) the use of WSN for fire detection, (iii) intra-clustering protocols, and (iv) an inter-clustering communication protocol. Aother work was proposed by Wenning, Pesch, Giel, and Gorg [24] for disaster detection, including the fire event. This method can quickly adapt the routing work state on the basis of the threat of possible failure.…”

A framework for use of wireless sensor networks in forest fire detection and monitoring

“…Wenning et al presented a proactive routing method for WSNs to be used in disaster detection [15]. The routing protocol's main contribution is being aware of the node's destruction threat and adapting the routes in case of a sensor death.…”

A real-time and robust routing protocol for building fire emergency applications using wireless sensor networks

“…al. [6] is relevant -they propose a proactive routing method that is aware of the nodes' destruction threat and adapts the routes accordingly.…”

“…When a node state changes in the fire, the upstream and the downstream links that are adjacent to this node will update the timeout on both links. For each link (i,)), the timeout for this link is calculated as: timeout (path (i,))) = min(timeout (i), timeout (j)) (6) timeout (i) and timeout (j) represent the valid time for i and j in fIre.…”