Environmental Memory of Polymer Networks under Stress

Quitmann, Dominik; Gushterov, Nikola; Sadowski, Gabriele; Katzenberg, Frank; Tiller, Joerg C.

doi:10.1002/adma.201305698

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Intriguingly, recent study has shown that polymer crystals formed via strain-induced crystallization can be manipulated to precisely tune the melting temperature [312][313][314]. This may open up new ways to induce 2W-SME.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding

Zhao

Xie

2015

Progress in Polymer Science

1,163

749

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs), as a class of programmable stimuliresponsive shape changing polymers, are attracting increasing attention from the standpoint of both fundamental research and technological innovations. Following a brief introduction of the conventional shape memory effect (SME), progress in new shape memory enabling mechanisms and triggering methods, variations of in shape memory forms (shape memory surfaces, hydrogels, and microparticles), new shape memory behavior (multi-SME and two-way-SME), and novel fabrication methods are reviewed. Progress in thermomechanical modeling of SMPs is also presented. Abbreviations:SCPs shape changing polymers; LCEs liquid crystalline elastomers; SMP shape memory polymer; SME shape memory effect; 2W two-way; 1W oneway; T trans transition temperature; T g glass transition temperature; T m melting temperature; T cl liquid crystal cleaning temperature; T d deformation temperature; T f shape fixing temperature; T c crystallization temperature; R f shape stability ratio; R r shape recovery ratio; T sw switching temperature; ε max maximum recoverable strain; σ max maximum recovery stress; SMC shape memory cycle; ε load strain under load; ε fixed strain; T r recovery Page 2 of 106 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 temperature; ε rec recovered strain; V r strain recovery rate; T σmax temperature corresponding to σ max ; T sw,app apparent switching temperature; PCL poly(ε-caprolactone); SMPU shape memory polyurethane; EMU elemental memory unit; TME temperature memory effect; PU polyurethane; T i liquid-crystal isotropic transition temperature; T v vitrification temperature; CIE crystallization induced elongation; MIC melting induced contraction

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding

Zhao

Xie

2015

Progress in Polymer Science

1,163

749

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One way to achieve such networks is cross‐linking of linear homo‐ or copolymers. Polyethylene (PE), natural rubber (NR), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and many others can be cross‐linked using peroxide, siloxane, or radiation curing . Unfortunately, cross‐linking of polypropylene, a mass polymer with remarkable mechanical properties, is more complicated due to the presence of tertiary C‐atoms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Cross‐linking of Polypropylenes Towards New Shape Memory Polymers

Raidt

Hoeher

Katzenberg

et al. 2015

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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In this work, syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) as well as isotactic polypropylene (iPP) are cross-linked to gain a shape memory effect. Both prepared PP networks exhibit maximum strains of 700%, stored strains of up to 680%, and recoveries of nearly 100%. While x-iPP is stable for many cycles, x-sPP ruptures after the first shape-memory cycle. It is shown by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments that cross-linked iPP exhibits homoepitaxy in the temporary, stretched shape but in contrast to previous reports it contains a higher amount of daughter than mother crystals.

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“…We found that constrained SMNR generates reversible mechanical stress when exposed to solvent vapor which is proportional to the solvent concentration . We could further show that constrained SMNR is capable of memorizing the chemical nature of a solvent vapor and its concentration within its microstructure measurable by irreversible stress‐answer . It is known that the microstructure particularly the polymer crystal‐size and ‐distribution is controlling the trigger‐temperature and ‐range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Altering the Trigger‐Behavior of Programmed Shape Memory Natural Rubber (SMNR) by Solvent Vapor

Quitmann

Dibolik

Katzenberg

et al. 2014

Macro Materials & Eng

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Lightly cross‐linked natural rubber was found to have a tunable trigger‐temperature through programming procedure. Solvent vapor has a further impact on the trigger‐behavior of programmed SMNR. For exploring this we used the 1st derivative of the temperature dependent thickness increase to get insights in the trigger‐behavior. Additionally subsequently applied solvent vapor treatment allows reversibly changing TTrig as well as the maximum trigger‐rate νmax and thus the whole trigger‐process. The variation of solvent vapors or subsequently applied solvent combinations results in a novel way to alter the trigger‐behavior after programming.

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Environmental Memory of Polymer Networks under Stress

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding

Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding

Chemical Cross‐linking of Polypropylenes Towards New Shape Memory Polymers

Altering the Trigger‐Behavior of Programmed Shape Memory Natural Rubber (SMNR) by Solvent Vapor

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