Environmental Levels, Sources, and Cancer Risk Assessment of PAHs Associated with PM2.5 and TSP in Monterrey Metropolitan Area

Rodríguez, F.E. Longoria; González, Lucy T.; Mendoza, Alberto; Leyva‐Porras, César; Arizpe-Zapata, Alejandro; Esneider-Alcalá, Miguel; Acuña‐Askar, Karim; Gaspar-Ramírez, Octavio; López-Ayala, Olivia; Barbosa, Juan Manuel Alfaro; Kharissova, Oxana V.

doi:10.1007/s00244-019-00701-1

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Most vapor PAHs have only two or three benzene rings; however, PAHs with more than five benzene rings form particles with a volume of < 2.5 μm(Russold et al 2006 ) and are major haze as carcinogens in air pollutants (Sopian et al 2021 ). Destroying the genes in the cell causes genetic mutations and promotes cancer cell growth(Longoria-Rodriguez et al 2020 ). We analyzed proliferation marker expression in BCP-ALL cell lines to further clarify PAH-induced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–kynurenine axis promotes oncogenic activity in BCP-ALL

et al. 2022

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B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), the most common childhood cancer, originates from lymphoid precursor cells in bone marrow committed to the B-cell lineage. Environmental factors and genetic abnormalities disturb the normal maturation of these precursor cells, promoting the formation of leukemia cells and suppressing normal hematopoiesis. The underlying mechanisms of progression are unclear, but BCP-ALL incidence seems to be increasing in parallel with the adoption of modern lifestyles. This study hypothesized that air pollution and haze are risk factors for BCP-ALL progression. The current study revealed that indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), a major component of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, promotes oncogenic activities (proliferation, transformation, and disease relapse) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IP treatment activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)–indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDOs) axis, thereby enhancing tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine (KYN) level and consequent promoting the KYN–AHR feedback loop. IP treatment decreased the time to disease relapse and increased the BCP-ALL cell count in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Additionally, in 50 clinical BCP-ALL samples, AHR and IDO were co-expressed in a disease-specific manner at mRNA and protein levels, while their mRNA levels showed a significant correlation with disease-free survival duration. These results indicated that PAH/IP exposure promotes BCP-ALL disease progression. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–kynurenine axis promotes oncogenic activity in BCP-ALL

et al. 2022

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“…The elevated emissions in the MMA originate mainly from the high industrial activity and vehicle traffic. However, studies on the chemical composition of atmospheric PM and optical properties of PM 2.5 in the MMA have been limited (Mancilla et al, 2015;Mancilla et al, 2016;Mancilla et al, 2019;González et al, 2016;González et al, 2017;González et al, 2018;López-Ayala et al, 2019;Longoria-Rodríguez et al, 2020;Longoria-Rodríguez et al, 2021). There is also limited information on the absorption response and light emission of PM 2.5 in Mexico after exposure to variable wavelengths of radiation (Liñán-Abanto et al, 2019;Carmona et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition, Optical Properties and Sources of PM2.5 From a Highly Urbanized Region in Northeastern Mexico

Askar

González

Mendoza

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Here, we report the chemical composition and optical properties of the fine particles (PM2.5) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of these particles. Additionally, the potential sources of WSOC emission were determined through the study on fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Samples were collected in an urban site of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area in Mexico during summer and winter and characterized using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis-NIR-DRS), fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The ATR-FTIR analyses allowed the identification of inorganic ions (e.g., CO32−, SO42−, and NO3−), organic functional groups [e.g., carbonyls (C=O), organic hydroxyl (C-OH), carboxylic acid (COOH)], and aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained by XRD and XPS revealed the presence of organic and inorganic chemical species in PM2.5. The diffuse reflectance spectra of PM2.5 provided the absorption bands in the UV region for CaSO4, CaCO3, and aluminosilicates. The absorption coefficient at 365 nm (Abs365) and Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) values obtained for the aqueous extracts suggest that many of the water-soluble organic compounds corresponded to brown carbon (BrC) chromophores. The mass absorption efficiency values at 365 nm (MAE365) were higher in the winter than summer samples, suggesting the presence of more BrC compounds in the winter samples. The fluorescence indices combined with EEM-PARAFAC analysis showed that the WSOC fraction was mainly composed of humic-like substances (HULIS) which are both of terrestrial and microbial origin.

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General Aspects of Environmental Degradation vs. Technological Development Progression

Balabanova

2021

Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies

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Environmental Levels, Sources, and Cancer Risk Assessment of PAHs Associated with PM2.5 and TSP in Monterrey Metropolitan Area

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–kynurenine axis promotes oncogenic activity in BCP-ALL

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–kynurenine axis promotes oncogenic activity in BCP-ALL

Chemical Composition, Optical Properties and Sources of PM2.5 From a Highly Urbanized Region in Northeastern Mexico

General Aspects of Environmental Degradation vs. Technological Development Progression

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