Environmental justice in Phoenix, Arizona: a neighbourhood deficit and asset score

Boucher, Jean; Levenda, Anthony; Carpenter, Caleb; Morales-Guerrero, Jorge; Karwat, Darshan M.A.

doi:10.1080/13549839.2021.1916899

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Data on mortality and morbidity caused by contamination reflect the systemic and structural character of environmental injustice. The most exposed groups are disproportionately more frequently the object of environmental safety threats-a number of research papers demonstrate higher exposure to negative environmental factors in the place of residence of minorities or persons with low income [10,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. According to Eckerd and Keller [29], as well as Cambell and Peck [30], it is difficult to determine whether hazardous substances are located in the places of residence of minorities or people with low income, or perhaps that such people choose areas in the vicinity of substances hazardous for residence due to lower prices, whereas the wealthier part of society moves out of the hazardous areas.…”

Section: Environmental Justice and Slow Violence In Spatial Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Spatial Planning as a Cause of Environmental Injustice in the Context of the Provision of Health Safety to Urban Residents Based on the Example of Warsaw

Maciejewska

Ulanicka-Raczyńska

2023

Sustainability

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Spatial planning based on environmental justice is a key activity in the process of the provision of equal rights to live in a safe environment and possess the opportunities of using it. Irrational development of land containing historical earth surface contamination constitutes a severe threat to the health safety of residents, and it may consequently lead to slow violence. This paper’s objective is to identify districts of Warsaw where the phenomena of environmental injustice and slow violence in post-industrial areas occur and fill in the indicated knowledge gap in such issues in Poland. The aim is also to answer the question as to whether contamination of the pedosphere and changes in land use in brownfields have a considerable effect on differences related to the health safety of residents of particular districts of Warsaw. The results of analyses of correlations of soil environment risk, health safety of residents, social, and planning conditions show that, in districts with a large share of areas included in the register of historical earth surface contamination, higher-than-average soil environment risk occurs, and it is related to the transformation of brownfields. Wola is a district affected by the phenomenon of slow violence and environmental injustice. According to the research, Wola is an area of accumulation of the highest levels of soil contamination, as well as some of the least favorable indices of health safety of residents and social conditions (in the case of both, Wola takes the second position). It is also a place of dynamic, unplanned transformations of brownfields, resulting in the “discovery” of historical earth surface contamination at the stage of the investment process. As evidenced based on the example of Wola, lack of spatial planning in contaminated areas leads to the exposure of their residents to a higher soil environment risk that may result in reduced health safety and the occurrence of slow violence. Therefore, rational planning of development of land containing historical earth surface contamination, with consideration of the aspects of health safety of residents, is an instrument of provision of environmental justice in terms of access to healthy life and residential environment.

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Section: Environmental Justice and Slow Violence In Spatial Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Spatial Planning as a Cause of Environmental Injustice in the Context of the Provision of Health Safety to Urban Residents Based on the Example of Warsaw

Maciejewska

Ulanicka-Raczyńska

2023

Sustainability

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“…A large share of Latinx and African American communities lives here, and, despite efforts by nonprofit organizations and the city administration, educational and economic opportunities are still underdeveloped. Compared with other areas, housing prices are low, and levels of air pollution and obesity are high (Boucher et al., 2021; Cutts et al., 2009). Although historically a place of agricultural production, South Phoenix is a food desert with little or no access to fresh, affordable, and healthy food in walkable distance (USDA, 2017).…”

Section: Developing a Sustainable Food Forest Enterprise In Phoenix Azmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almost there: On the importance of a comprehensive entrepreneurial ecosystem for developing sustainable urban food forest enterprises

Wiek

Albrecht

2022

Urban Agric & Regnl Food Sys

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Sustainable food forests offer multiple benefits to urban sustainability challenges. Research to date mostly describes structure and services of individual food forests but provides little evidence and guidance for implementation. This study analyzes and evaluates an ongoing, multiyear, transdisciplinary project developing a sustainable urban food forest enterprise in Phoenix, AZ, through a collaboration between researchers and a coalition of nonprofit organizations. Unlike other food forest projects run by nonprofit organizations, this food forest originated as a sustainable enterprise that would provide jobs and livelihood opportunities in an economically marginalized urban area while pursuing social and environmental goals such as providing healthy food and a cooler microclimate. Efforts to date have built a coalition of supporters, secured a suitable site, codeveloped a vision and an action plan, and fundraised a major start-up donation. We evaluate these outcomes against a suite of success factors derived from implementation of other food forests and explain challenges in realizing these factors through the lens of a comprehensive sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem. Data for the accompanying research was collected through direct and participant observations, review of project documents, informal conversations, a stakeholder survey, and research diary reflections. Research findings indicate that despite achieving all the success factors, at least to some extent, the underdeveloped sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem jeopardizes long-term success and multiplication efforts. These findings confirm the importance of a sufficiently developed entrepreneurial ecosystem for successful development of sustainable food enterprises. They offer guidance to food entrepreneurs, urban developers, and city officials on how to develop and support sustainable food forest enterprises.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…The demographic factors are often calibrated to the local area of study; for example, Zalzal and Hatzoupoulou used the Ontario Marginalization Index (comprised of four socioeconomic variables: residential instability, material deprivation, dependence, and ethnic concentration) and compared this index value to exposure to traffic-related air pollution (Zalzal & Hatzopoulou, 2022). Boucher et al used demographic indicators as independent variables in a regression analysis that asked whether these demographic indicators predicted a neighborhood asset score, which was co-created with a community partner organization (Boucher et al, 2021). Specifying local context and co-creating research with community organizations are two best practices in conducting an environmental justice analysis in a single location.…”

Section: Climate and Economic Justice Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies, however, do not incorporate multiple environmental harms into their analysis and only focus on one measure of pollution, such as Toxic Release Inventory sites, Clean Air Act Violations, or air pollutants (Konisky & Reenock, 2013;McLeod et al, 2000;Wu & Heberling, 2013). Some research incorporates environmental benefits such as parks, woodlands and nature preserves, or vegetation, as opposed to environmental hazards (Boone et al, 2009;Boucher et al, 2021;Fairburn et al, 2009;Schwarz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Climate and Economic Justice Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental justice policy in the United States: community definition and benefits allocation in underserved and overburdened communities

Sotolongo

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The Biden Administration's Justice40 initiative promises to allocate at least 40 percent of the benefits from federal investments in climate and clean energy to disadvantaged communities.In order to deliver on this promise, both the concept of "benefits" and "disadvantaged communities" need to be defined-otherwise, the promised distribution of benefits cannot be evaluated. While the Justice40 initiative is moving forward at the federal level, it is likely that over the next decade, U.S. states will follow the federal government's leadership in allocating benefits to disadvantaged communities. At the same time, U.S. states are experimenting with different approaches to environmental justice community definition and policy interventions.Environmental justice policy research, which has traditionally focused on analyzing how state characteristics are correlated with the existence of an environmental justice policy, is based on a conceptualization of justice that splits policies into procedural or substantive categories. There is little research that focuses on environmental justice policy at the U.S. state level and incorporates more complex theories of justice from a wide range of environmental justice theorists.

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Environmental justice in Phoenix, Arizona: a neighbourhood deficit and asset score

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Lack of Spatial Planning as a Cause of Environmental Injustice in the Context of the Provision of Health Safety to Urban Residents Based on the Example of Warsaw

Lack of Spatial Planning as a Cause of Environmental Injustice in the Context of the Provision of Health Safety to Urban Residents Based on the Example of Warsaw

Almost there: On the importance of a comprehensive entrepreneurial ecosystem for developing sustainable urban food forest enterprises

Environmental justice policy in the United States: community definition and benefits allocation in underserved and overburdened communities

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