“…Many cases of the VRP treated in the literature [3-8, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]26,27] include a combination of constraints (i) and (ii). If these constraints are relaxed, the VRP reduces to a traveling salesman problem (TSP [9] The V W appears to be much more difficult to solve than the TSP or the m-TSP To our knowledge, no exact algorithms have been devised to deal expressly with constraints (ii), although there exist practical applications of the VRP where distance constraints only are present, e.g., the case of a sales representative visiting customers but delivering and picking up no goods.…”