The geographic information system approach has permitted integration between demographic, socio-economic and environmental data, providing In the 1990s, an increasing capacity of data analysis and ease of information accessibility through cheap and simple computational systems was remarkable. Such technology represents a breakthrough in data bank organization, mainly regarding health.Geoprocessing is a broad term that is applied to several technologies of manipulation and processing of geographical data through computational programs. System of geographical information (SGI) is one of the geoprocessing techniques, the most widely used, once it gathers organized data at the stages of data capture by remote sensing, GPS or organization of digital cartographic basis, and organizes systems, which are able to obtain new information and improve knowledge. SGI comprises computational systems used for understanding facts and phenomena that occur in the geographical space. Its capacity of gathering data sets of conventional spatial expression, structuring and integrating them adequately, makes it an essential tool for manipulating geographical information (Pina 1994).Applications of SGI in the field of health have been reported in studies on epidemiological surveys, health service assessment, urbanization, and environment. Moreover, evaluation of endemic diseases from the perspective of several elements involved in the transmission cycle, such as historical, environmental, and social determinants of disease foci, became easier with Geoprocessing techniques (Sabroza et al. 1992, Albuquerque 1993, Thomson & Connor 2000.Geoprocessing technology has enabled scientists to map vectors and analyze environmental factors that affect spatial and temporal distribution of insects. Such techniques have been used to monitor diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniases (Elnaiem et al. 1998, Thomson & Connor 2000.American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been studied through geoprocessing techniques by several investigators: Cross et al. (1996), by gathering data from 136 scientific papers, have generated a distribution model of Phlebotomus papatasi in Southeast Asia throughout the year. By using satellite images and field-collected data in Sudan, Elnaiem et al. (1998Elnaiem et al. ( , 2003 and Thomson et al. (1999) observed that several ecological factors are crucial for the presence of Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of VL in that country. Kawa and Sabroza (2002) and Werneck and Maguire (2002) have analyzed historical and spatial determinants, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil, respectively, for implementation, maintenance, and spread of ACL and their correlation with urban organization and occupation in the periphery of those cities. Hay et al. (1997), Connor et al. (1998), andKing et al. (2004) Therefore, data collection through geoprocessing techniques has contributed to monitor and specially to identify effective and priority contro...