Environmental Influences On Soil Macroarthropod Behavior In Agricultural Systems

Villani, M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.35.1.249

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Table 2 Juveniles of some species in the last of the above groups (Keratroides anoulosus and K. vulgaris) have better-developed, biramous, pleopods. Since juveniles are significantly smaller, relative to the scale of the particle/pore soil matrix, than adults, their perception and utilization of soil water may be substantially different, as in other juvenile soil arthropods (Villani and Wright, 1990). Thus their gill and pleopod arrangement may reflect a different mechanism for moving water in the ventral channel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water uptake and loss via the urosome in terrestrial talitrid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Moore

Richardson

1992

Journal of Natural History

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The amount of exosomatic water in the ventral channel can be controlled by uptake and loss via the urosome in simplidactylate and cuspidactylate landhoppers, palustral talitrids and beachfleas, but not apparently by sandhoppers. Both water uptake and loss involve deliberate dabbing of the uropod tips (uropods 1 and 2 in simplidactylate landhoppers and palustral talitrids, uropod 3 in cuspidactylate landhoppers and beachfleas) on to a wet or dry substratum. Water flows rapidly into, or out of, the central channel via capillary spaces between the body parts. Transfer of water forward from the abdomen to thorax is apparently facilitated by the beating of the pleopods, or, in those species with highly reduced pleopods, by the elongate distal lobe of the peraeopod 6 gill, which lies between the bases of peraeopod 7 and the first abdominal epimeron. Water also pools beneath the telson and is taken into the gut by anal drinking in all the species observed. These observations suggest that landhoppers, beachfleas and palustral talitrids take up water from the substratum using a mechanism analogous to that used by the terrestrial oniscoid isopods. Sandhoppers probably do not use this mechanism, since the morphology of their urosome reflects the selective pressures of their sandburrowing way of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water uptake and loss via the urosome in terrestrial talitrid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Moore

Richardson

1992

Journal of Natural History

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“…Many insects spend part of their life cycles in the soil, and soil-dwelling insects are of considerable ecological significance, whether studied in the context of soil biodiversity (Andre et al 2002;Bardgett 2002), agricultural damage (Villani and Wright 1990), or effects on aboveground processes (Hunter 2001). Scarab larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), commonly known as white grubs or chafer grubs, are among the most abundant rootfeeding soil insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting predation and scavenging by DNA gut-content analysis: a case study using a soil insect predator-prey system

2004

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White grubs (larvae of Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are abundant in below-ground systems and can cause considerable damage to a wide variety of crops by feeding on roots. White grub populations may be controlled by natural enemies, but the predator guild of the European species is barely known. Trophic interactions within soil food webs are difficult to study with conventional methods. Therefore, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approach was developed to investigate, for the first time, a soil insect predator-prey system. Can, however, highly sensitive detection methods identify carrion prey in predators, as has been shown for fresh prey? Fresh Melolontha melolontha (L.) larvae and 1- to 9-day-old carcasses were presented to Poecilus versicolor Sturm larvae. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I fragments of the prey, 175, 327 and 387 bp long, were detectable in 50% of the predators 32 h after feeding. Detectability decreased to 18% when a 585 bp sequence was amplified. Meal size and digestion capacity of individual predators had no influence on prey detection. Although prey consumption was negatively correlated with cadaver age, carrion prey could be detected by PCR as efficiently as fresh prey irrespective of carrion age. This is the first proof that PCR-based techniques are highly efficient and sensitive, both in fresh and carrion prey detection. Thus, if active predation has to be distinguished from scavenging, then additional approaches are needed to interpret the picture of prey choice derived by highly sensitive detection methods.

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“…are in current use, or being considered for use, as commercial control agents against soil insects in many agricultural and horticultural systems (Gaugler and Kaya 1990, Kaya 1990, Georgis and Gaugler 1991, Kaya and Gaugler 1993. The results from these efforts, however, have been variable, presumably be-cause factors that prohibit or interfere with pathogen epizootics in the soil (e.g., edaphic environmental factors and insect/pathogen interactions) have not been clearly understood nor adequately addressed (Villani and Wright 1990, Georgis and Gaugler 1991, Schroeder et al 1993.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae): A Laboratory Evaluation

et al. 1999

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Environmental Influences On Soil Macroarthropod Behavior In Agricultural Systems

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Water uptake and loss via the urosome in terrestrial talitrid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Water uptake and loss via the urosome in terrestrial talitrid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Detecting predation and scavenging by DNA gut-content analysis: a case study using a soil insect predator-prey system

Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae): A Laboratory Evaluation

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