Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean

Bennett, Nathan; Alava, Juan José; Ferguson, Caroline E.; Blythe, Jessica; Morgera, Elisa; Boyd, David R.; Côté, Isabelle M.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105383

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 293 publications

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“…Bennett et al (2021a) highlight that the economic benefits of blue growth initiatives tend to be concentrated among wealthy and powerful actors, while low-income populations are often further marginalized. This literature is drawing more explicitly on the environmental justice literature, which argues that exposures to environmental harms are distributed unevenly by race and class (Bullard, 1990;Bullard, 1994;Agyeman et al, 2016;Bennett et al, 2023). For example, Anbleyth-Evans et al, (2022) argue that "[b]lue justice, simply, is defined as achieving environmental justice in the marine environment".…”

Section: The Rise Of Blue Justice Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of cases of environmental injustice can provide useful analytical entry points for understanding the complex interactions between people and marine resources, historical and structural inequalities, and various forms of social, political, and economic power that introduce or perpetuate blue injustices (Martinez-Alier et al, 2016;Ertör, 2021;Bavinck et al, 2018;Bennett et al, 2023). Indeed, "there is a need to enrich the concept [of blue justice] empirically based on how people experience and conceptualize injustice" (Jentoft andChuenpagdee, 2022, p. 1268;Schreiber et al, 2022).…”

Section: Contextualizing Blue Injustices Through a Review Of Publishe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, decades of scholarship have shown that race is often the most significant predictor of where hazardous waste facilities are located (Mohai et al, 2009;Martinez-Alier et al, 2016). Patterns of unfair exposure of Black, Indigenous, and other socially, politically, and economically marginalized communities to hazardous waste have also been documented in marine and coastal spaces (Bennett et al, 2023).…”

Section: Hazardous Waste and Toxic Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blue justice: A review of emerging scholarship and resistance movements

Blythe

Gill²,

Claudet³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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Coastal communities, Indigenous peoples, and small-scale fishers are intimately connected with the ocean. Yet, these historically and structurally marginalized groups often bear a disproportionate distribution of coastal and marine harms, and are culturally and politically excluded from marine decision-making. In response, calls for blue justice are emerging. Here, we review key perspectives, new developments, and gaps in the emerging blue justice scholarship. We also synthesize existing case studies of blue injustices and review some of the many successful examples of grassroots resistance efforts to help define what blue justice entails. We aim to help centre the knowledge, strength, and agency of coastal communities responding to blue injustice. Ultimately, concerted efforts are needed by all to support and empower coastal communities to reject blue injustices and to achieve their diverse aspirations for blue justice.

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Section: The Rise Of Blue Justice Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextualizing Blue Injustices Through a Review Of Publishe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hazardous Waste and Toxic Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blue justice: A review of emerging scholarship and resistance movements

Blythe

Gill²,

Claudet³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Explicit prioritization of social benefits and equity is a concern of the ocean economics discussion (Cisneros-Montemayor et al, 2019;Österblom et al, 2020;Haward and Haas, 2021). Bennett (2022a) focuses on equity and justice in the oceans categorizing six types in his study as recognitional, procedural, distributional, management, environmental, and contextual. Most coastal states embrace BE to promote industrial economic growth.…”

Section: 'Social Equity' or 'Ocean Equity And Justice' Missing In Be ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This missing link hampers equities and justice in the coasts and oceans while advancing BE. I argue most of the BE or ocean economy sector expansion generated ample incidents to violate six types of ocean equity stated by Bennett (2022a). BE experiences so far tend to focus on income-generating aspects, these approaches along with investment plans need to do better, incorporating factors such as tenure rights and access, distributive justice, supporting livelihoods, and food and nutrition security for the local communities.…”

Section: Equity Implications In the Be/bg Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Economy, Blue Growth, Social Equity and Small-scale Fisheries: A Global and National Level Review

Das¹

2023

SSSR

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One of the most promising economic arenas in the coming decades is the ocean and there are currently numerous initiatives to the ‘blue economy’ discourse that revolves around the argument that small-scale fishers’ livelihoods require greater attention. To synthesize current scientific knowledge and address prevailing research gaps surrounding this discourse, I conduct a scoping review of global literature on the blue economy, blue growth, social equity, and Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF) analyse different international policy papers and national-level blue economy plans. To explore the need for further research, this review focuses on how different aspects of the blue economy risks lead to inequity in the pursuit of ocean sustainability. Based on the initial content analysis, I identify evidence for undermining social equity and justice related to the ocean and find that social equity is often overlooked in national-level blue economy and blue growth initiatives. This overlooking leads to or accelerates processes of coastal and ocean grabbing, displacement, dispossession, and exclusion which strongly impact the livelihoods of marginalized coastal communities, particularly, small-scale fishers in various parts of the world. The collected evidence suggests that there is a missing link between international policy deliberations and national-level implementation plans in the blue economy context. Numerous studies claim that critical re-thinking of policies is required to ensure the sustainability of blue economy trajectories. Unchecked economic growth in the ocean as in other realms can reinforce inequities and unjust and inequitable resource distribution patterns. To pre-empt, mitigate, and resolve likely conflicts, deeper insights are needed to address the impacts of the blue economy and blue growth on coastal livelihoods. I suggest investigating the causes of conflict and further research on how governance responds to sustain small-scale fisheries while embracing the blue economy and blue growth agendas.

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Anthropogenic stressors and rocky shore communities along Atlantic Patagonia: The need of including coastal biodiversity in marine protected areas planning

Mendez,

Schwindt

2024

Aquatic Conservation

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The conservation of marine ecosystems depends on the establishment and functioning of marine protected areas (MPAs). These areas are not exempt from the effects generated by a variety of anthropogenic stressors. Coastal biodiversity can provide key information of MPAs health; however, it is not usually considered in MPAs planning process, particularly in the Southwestern Atlantic. In this work, we provide an analysis and discussion of the anthropogenic stressors and the rocky intertidal biodiversity parameters occurring along 10 latitudinal degrees within the major MPAs of the continental Patagonia (Argentina). Specifically, we studied the intensity of 10 social, economic and environmental marine‐related anthropogenic stressors and characterized the intertidal biodiversity (biomass, density and size of scorched mussels and its associated communities) in the mid intertidal rocky shore. We found that most of the anthropogenic stressors studied had some level of intensity at all MPAs in Patagonia. In addition, each MPA has unique biodiversity assemblages. Total anthropogenic stress was not directly correlated with the mussel bed parameters or the richness of the associated fauna. Artisanal fisheries, tourism, invasive species and trampling were found to have the highest intensity on the MPAs. Moreover, a negative relation between artisanal fisheries, tourism and invasive species and the biomass and size of mussels was found, along with a negative relation between tourism and density. Furthermore, three MPAs registered the greatest anthropogenic pressure. Our study evidence that although Argentina has significantly advanced in the creation of MPAs in the last decades, the objectives for the conservation of the ecosystems are still narrow. Our results highlight that globally, MPAs need to include the perspective of coastal intertidal biodiversity and their stressors in their management strategies. By doing this, it will contribute to have a more holistic approach and thus it will improve MPAs conservation efforts.

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Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean

Cited by 45 publications

References 293 publications

Blue justice: A review of emerging scholarship and resistance movements

Blue justice: A review of emerging scholarship and resistance movements

Blue Economy, Blue Growth, Social Equity and Small-scale Fisheries: A Global and National Level Review

Anthropogenic stressors and rocky shore communities along Atlantic Patagonia: The need of including coastal biodiversity in marine protected areas planning

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