Environmental impacts of coal subsidies in Turkey: A general equilibrium analysis

Acar, Sevil; Yeldan, Erinç

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.003

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, the recent global coal renaissance can have severe consequences for Turkey, particularly when one considers an almost twofold increase target for electricity generation capacity from domestic coal sources. As such, the window of opportunity to avoid high‐carbon lock‐in is rapidly closing, and Turkey's coal‐driven development strategy is threatening its climate ambitions as much as its damaging its finances and public health policies…”

Section: The Road Through Paris: Key Challenges and Opportunities Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond special circumstances: climate change policy in Turkey 1992–2015

Turhan

Mazlum

Şahin

et al. 2016

WIREs Climate Change

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The contours of Turkey's climate policy have remained almost intact over the past two decades. Being an Annex I party without any mitigation commitments, Turkey maintains a peculiar position under UNFCCC. Subsequent to 12 years of delay in signing both the Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol, Turkey had the highest rate of increase in greenhouse gas emissions among the Annex I countries with 110.4% upsurge in the period 1990 and 2013. Yet with the new climate regime now in place, the country's mitigation pledges fall short of expectations both in terms of realistic projections and its ambition to step up in the post‐2020 period. Climate policies in Turkey, an EU candidate and OECD founding member with a growing economy, remain under‐investigated. Although the country has a wide range of policies and institutions in place, it shows limited progress in addressing climate change. Based on evidence from the literature, we observe that climate policies operationalize in Turkey insofar as they do not directly confront developmental ambitions, leaving policy diffusion with limited success. To provide a historic overview, we focus on climate policy development, actors, processes, and contemporary trends. Evidence shows that these are highly ridden with the politics of special circumstances: a notion that Turkey employs to refrain from bindings commitments. In order to go beyond special circumstances discourse, we argue the need for a bold policy shift in Turkey, a country subject to adverse impacts of climate change and high‐carbon lock‐in risk due to development policy preferences. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:448–460. doi: 10.1002/wcc.390 This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy

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Section: The Road Through Paris: Key Challenges and Opportunities Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond special circumstances: climate change policy in Turkey 1992–2015

Turhan

Mazlum

Şahin

et al. 2016

WIREs Climate Change

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“…The report by WWF-Turkey and IPC [46] which was prepared before the INDC submission, consisted of two different scenarios, official plans scenario with the growth rates of Turkey's official economic program and BAU scenario with more realistic growth rates. Acar and Yeldan [44] found the emissions projection in the INDC too high and not in line with the recent Turkish historical pathway. The report by TUSIAD [47] prepared its own BAU scenario by using Climate Equity Reference Project (CERP) which uses projections of IMF, McKinsey, and the World Bank.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Acar and Yeldan [44] assessed the impact of current coal subsidies on macro indicators and CO 2 emissions by running a multi-region CGE model between 2015 and 2030. They found that elimination of subsidies for coal results in a slight reduction in GDP, but a substantial decrease in CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Turkey’s INDC Target: Assessments of NCCAP and INDC Documents and Proposing Conceivable Policies

Alkan¹,

Binatlı²,

Değer³

2018

Sustainability

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In 2015, Turkey submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) before the Paris Conference of the Parties (COP 21), expressing its intention to decrease emissions level at a rate of 21% from business as usual. This emissions reduction target is important as it is the first one for Turkey. However, Turkey faces unemployment problems and needs to sustain its growth. In this study, an Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), based on 2012 Input-Output data, was created, emissions reduction potentials of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) together with the INDC were calculated, and alternative policies to reduce emissions to the target level and to boost the economy were proposed separately. The study finds that both the preparation and implementation of the previous national documents are problematic, and that Turkey was not meticulous about implementation of the climate mitigation policies in the previous national documents. The study also finds that reaching the emissions target with the INDC policies seems impossible and more conceivable policies are needed, and recommends that the INDC target and document itself should be revised substantially.

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“…The model is composed of 17 production sectors spanning two regionalied bodies for the Turkish economy (high versus low income), a representative private household to carry out savings-consumption decisions, a government to implement public policies towards environmental abatement, and a "rest of the world" account to resolve the balance of payment transactions. Antecedents of the model rest on the seminal contributions of the CGE analyses on gaseous pollutants, energy utilization, and climate change economics for Turkey as shown in Acar and Yeldan (2016), Kumbaroglu (2003), Lise (2006), Akin-Ölçüm and Yeldan (2013), Şahin (2004), Telli et al (2008), and Vural (2009); however, it should be noted that these studies were based on national aggregates. Given the official focus on regional investment and subsidization in Turkey, it is pertinent to work with a regional diversification.…”

Section: Algebraic Structure Of the Cge Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%