Environmental impacts and causes of conflict in the Horn of Africa: A review

Solomon, Negasi; Birhane, Emiru; Gordon, Chris; Haile, Mebrahtu; Taheri, Fatemeh; Azadi, Hossein; Scheffran, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.016

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The social, economic, and political effects of social conflicts in societies have been widely studied and documented [1][2][3][4]. Sociopolitical conflicts often have an important impact on land use and occupation, because land tenure gives control over the territory, its dynamics, and resources [5][6][7]. However, the impacts of these conflicts on ecosystems and biodiversity have received fewer attention, although conflicts often occur in areas of interest to conservation, with considerable impacts on biodiversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Opportunities of the Land Restitution Program Areas in the Colombian Post-Conflict Period

Unda

Etter

2019

Sustainability

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The Land Restitution Program (LRP) is one of the greatest challenges for Colombia’s post-conflict period; it implies the recognition of the victims of dispossession or abandonment of lands and sets the discussion for future land use planning in these areas. The 1,119,959 Ha of LRP areas (August 2018) require knowledge of their state to promote land uses that favor the conservation of priority ecosystems and forest cover. Spatial and statistical analyzes where used to study the land-cover change in and around LRP areas at the national and regional level. An index of naturalness using a multi-criteria framework was used to identify important areas for conservation. Within areas, forest cover changes, resulting from deforestation and regeneration processes, decreased between 1990 and 2017. A total of 9.4% of their area show high naturalness, while 20% of them show high importance for conservation. The results show that, despite their dispossession/abandonment, these areas continued a deforestation process. Most of the areas show low naturalness, but conservation priorities can be identified in the Andes, Amazon, and Orinoco regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Opportunities of the Land Restitution Program Areas in the Colombian Post-Conflict Period

Unda

Etter

2019

Sustainability

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“… Increasing research and policy attention . Studies of warfare and the environment have expanded to the point of requiring literature reviews specific to discipline or geography . Attention by policymakers has also increased, as reflected by recent United Nations actions including a resolution against conflict pollution, a resolution on protecting the environment during armed conflict, a review of environmental protection during wartime, support for postwar environmental assessments, and the declaration of November 6th as the “International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict.” Major knowledge gaps .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity conservation and armed conflict: a warfare ecology perspective

Hanson

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The activities involved in preparing for, executing, and recovering from armed conflict are globally pervasive and consequential, with significant impacts on natural systems. Effects on biodiversity are predominantly negative, produced by direct and indirect battlefield impacts, as well as the general breakdown of social, economic, and governance systems during wartime. Certain conservation opportunities do occur, however, particularly on lands set aside for training exercises, buffer zones, and peace parks. Here, the relationship between armed conflict and biodiversity is reviewed using the temporal framework of warfare ecology, which defines warfare as an ongoing process of three overlapping stages: preparations, war (armed conflict), and postwar activities. Several themes emerge from recent studies, including a heightened awareness of biodiversity conservation on military lands, the potential for scientific and conservation engagement to mitigate negative biodiversity impacts in war zones, and the importance of the postwar period for incorporating biodiversity priorities into reconstruction and recovery efforts. Research limitations and knowledge gaps are also discussed.

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“…Formula (6) allows evaluating the five decision matrices on the level of conflict. Formulas (7) and (8) are used to standardize the criteria. Formula (9) allows determining the value of the ratio weighted normalized and the distances of each alternative to the positive and negative ideal points.…”

Section: Final Ranking Of the Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental conflicts, which originate as a result of environmental pollutions, resource use competition, and social conflicts, emerge when stakeholders take part in activities with contradictory interests, values, power, perceptions, and goals. Environmental conflicts cover different issues: Biodiversity conflicts [1][2][3], coastal zone conflicts [4][5][6][7], air pollution conflicts [8], land use conflicts [9,10], and water conflicts [11][12][13][14]. Most recently, environmental conflict is considered in relation to economic, development and social issues in the context of global climate change [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Approach Using Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Assessing Environmental Conflicts in the Titan Mining Industry along Central Coast Vietnam

Dao

Nguyen

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Environmental conflict management gains significance in rational use of natural resources, ecosystem preservation and environmental planning for mineral mines. In Central Coast Vietnam, titan mines are subject to conflicting use and management decisions. The paper deals with an empirical research on applying a combination of the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to measure environmental conflicts emerging as a result of titan mining in Vietnam. The methodology used in the paper combines the fuzzy AHP and the fuzzy TOPSIS to rank environmental conflicts and propose conflict prevention solutions in the titan mining industry of Ky Khang coastal commune (Ky Anh district, Central Coast Vietnam). Data was collected by using a questionnaire with 15 locals, 8 communal authorities, 2 district authorities, and 12 scientific experts on titan mining, environmental geology, and sustainability management. The result shows that, titan mining conflicts with the eight criteria of economic sectors at five alternative sites including beach, protected forest, agricultural area, settlement area, and industrial area. The conflicts between titan mining and forestry, agriculture, settlements, fishing and aquaculture are highly valued. The beach area shows most environmental conflict as a result of titan mining, followed by the agricultural area and settlement area. Based on the empirical findings, legal and procedural tools such as environmental impact assessments, strategic environmental assessments, integrated coastal zone management, marine spatial planning, and multi-planning integration advancing environmental management for titan mines in Vietnam are suggested.

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Environmental impacts and causes of conflict in the Horn of Africa: A review

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Conservation Opportunities of the Land Restitution Program Areas in the Colombian Post-Conflict Period

Conservation Opportunities of the Land Restitution Program Areas in the Colombian Post-Conflict Period

Biodiversity conservation and armed conflict: a warfare ecology perspective

A Hybrid Approach Using Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Assessing Environmental Conflicts in the Titan Mining Industry along Central Coast Vietnam

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