Environmental impact of oil shale mining

Environmental impact of alum shale mining and oil and uranium production in Kvarntorp, Sweden, based on historical archives and environmental monitoring data

“…Shales as unconventional energy resources are a debated topic and, in some places, not yet exploited resources are investigated alongside possible impacts on the environment [1][2][3] and greenhouse gas emissions [4]. At other places shale oil production has already left scars in the landscape [5][6][7]. The largest shale waste semi-coke landfill in the world, situated in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia, was opened in the 1930s and is a source of contamination as landfill gases are emitted and also leachates containing phenols have reached the Kohtla River [8].…”

Statistical Analysis on the Effect of the Utilization of Mineral Resources on the Environmental Impact in China

“…Kang and Stam [25] constructed a quantitative model of environmental effect factor weight, providing a basic framework for quantitative assessment of the en-vironmental impact of the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources. Besides this, Sanmiquel et al [26] and Väizene et al [27] also used the environmental impact system assessment method to measure the surface structure, climate change, water pollution and land-use change caused by the exploitation and utilization of coal and oil shale minerals. Based on the definition of rare mineral resources, Yang et al [28] used the Environmental Priority Strategy Methodology (EPS) to evaluate the environmental impact of 22 rare minerals in six categories during their life cycle.…”