Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities: A review

Barker, Amanda; Clausen, Jay L.; Douglas, Thomas A.; Bednar, Anthony J.; Griggs, Chris S.; Martin, William A.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129110

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…There have been many reports and studies that affirmed that our study area is located within the vicinity of various anthropogenic activities including mining, intensive agriculture, automobile gas emissions, and acute biological sludge, which might affect the soil [ 4 , 52 , 53 , 72 , 73 ]. It is important to examine the sources of PTEs in the study area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of PTEs in soil has been attracting reasonable attention because of their ecological and biological risks. Several studies in different biomes have been performed to identify the sources of PTEs in the soils [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, intensive agricultural practices have been reported to increase PTEs in soils [ 16 , 17 ]. In addition, automobile and vehicle emissions, road dusts, and military activities also account for increases in PTEs [ 4 , 29 ]. It has been estimated by some authors that agricultural practices contributed to 79.6%, 56%, and 63% of the annual concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to develop reliable policies for a sustainable soil safety for an area, it is important to have good information on the soil and its contamination level. In recent years, several analyses including statistical, geostatistical, geo-accumulation index, multivariate and modeling, as well as potential ecological risk index analyses have been proposed and applied to investigate the source, degree, and spatiotemporal state of PTE pollution in the soil [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 12 , 14 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. As reported by some authors, an assessment of the contents and distribution of PTEs in soil requires intensive and robust sampling to investigate the soil conditions under distinct soil types [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Assessing the Spatial and Vertical Distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and How the Concentrations Differ

Ahado

Nwaogu

Sarkodie

et al. 2021

Toxics

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A healthy soil is a healthy ecosystem because humans, animals, plants, and water highly depend upon it. Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a serious concern for humankind. The study is aimed at (i) assessing the concentrations of PTEs in soils under a long-term heavily industrialized region for coal and textiles, (ii) modeling and mapping the spatial and vertical distributions of PTEs using a GIS-based ordinary kriging technique, and (iii) identifying the possible sources of these PTEs in the Jizerské Mountains (Jizera Mts.) using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Four hundred and forty-two (442) soil samples were analyzed by applying the aqua regia method. To assess the PTE contents, the level of pollution, and the distribution pattern in soil, the contamination factor (CF) and the pollution load index load (PLI) were applied. ArcGIS-based ordinary kriging interpolation was used for the spatial analysis of PTEs. The results of the analysis revealed that the variation in the coefficient (CV) of PTEs in the organic soil was highest in Cr (96.36%), followed by Cu (54.94%) and Pb (49.40%). On the other hand, the mineral soil had Cu (96.88%), Cr (66.70%), and Pb (64.48%) as the highest in CV. The PTEs in both the organic soil and the mineral soil revealed a high heterogeneous variability. Though the study area lies within the “Black Triangle”, which is a historic industrial site in Central Europe, this result did not show a substantial influence of the contamination of PTEs in the area. In spite of the rate of pollution in this area being very low based on the findings, there may be a need for intermittent assessment of the soil. This helps to curtail any excessive accumulation and escalation in future. The results may serve as baseline information for pollution assessment. It might support policy-developers in sustainable farming and forestry for the health of an ecosystem towards food security, forest safety, as well as animal and human welfare.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Assessing the Spatial and Vertical Distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and How the Concentrations Differ

Ahado

Nwaogu

Sarkodie

et al. 2021

Toxics

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“…An increasing body of data demonstrates that armed conflicts and military activity contribute significantly to environmental pollution [2]. A significant accumulation of metals has been observed in battlefields areas, small-arm shooting ranges, artilleries, mortar and rocket ranges, and grenade courts [3]. Military-related metal emissions therefore pose significant health hazards to military personnel, with the potential for overexposure.…”

Section: Metal-chelating Activity Of Melatonin As Protection From Che...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Functions of Melatonin: Applications in the Military Setting

Gancitano

Reíter

2022

Biomedicines

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The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a general overview on the rationale for the use of melatonin by military personnel. This is a technique that is being increasingly employed to manage growing psycho-physical loads. In this context, melatonin, a pleotropic and regulatory molecule, has a potential preventive and therapeutic role in maintaining the operational efficiency of military personnel. In battlefield conditions in particular, the time to treatment after an injury is often a major issue since the injured may not have immediate access to medical care. Any drug that would help to stabilize a wounded individual, especially if it can be immediately administered (e.g., per os) and has a very high safety profile over a large range of doses (as melatonin does) would be an important asset to reduce morbidity and mortality. Melatonin may also play a role in the oscillatory synchronization of the neuro–cardio–respiratory systems and, through its epigenetic action, poses the possibility of restoring the main oscillatory waves of the cardiovascular system, such as the Mayer wave and RSA (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), which, in physiological conditions, result in the oscillation of the heartbeat in synchrony with the breath. In the future, this could be a very promising field of investigation.

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Environmental monitoring of the Capo Frasca military training site (West Sardinia): Operability and environmental protection balanced plan

Guerra,

Marangio,

Pizzi

et al. 2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Military activities in training areas can contaminate soil and groundwater through different persistent pollutants. This article reports the design of the operating procedure to assess and monitor the environmental impact of training activities carried out at the Capo Frasca military firing range (PCF) on the west coast of Sardinia. The procedure includes two steps: (i) a baseline investigation of soil to detect the impact of previous training activities at PCF, and (ii) the development of a post‐training monitoring plan. Results of the baseline investigations revealed that the activities conducted at PCF over many decades have not significantly affected the soil quality. Energetic compounds (ECs) were found below the limit of detection (LOD), and some low exceedances of the screening values (SVs) for Cd, Cu, and Ni were recorded in small areas that coincided with parts of two operational areas. A human health risk assessment (HHRA) identified no relevant issues. Results of baseline investigation allowed the planning of a light, noninvasive post‐training monitoring plan based on two levels, L1 and L2, where L1 involves only manual sampling of topsoil (0–0.2 m). If L1 reveals contamination, a more in‐depth and extensive L2 follow‐up monitoring will be implemented. Results of post‐training monitoring are not yet available. This environmental investigation protocol is intended to be a practical tool for regulatory provisions and is expected to be useful and effective for firing range management. This investigation also emphasized that, compared with the international state‐of‐the‐art, environmental surveys in Italian military ranges require the improvement of ECs set to be analyzed, lowering EC LOD, and establishing ECs SVs. In Sardinia, many military areas, including PCF, are considered areas of significant natural interest. Therefore, it is deemed beneficial to move beyond HHRA and undertake the ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–16. © 2024 SETAC

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Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 130 publications

Modeling and Assessing the Spatial and Vertical Distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and How the Concentrations Differ

Modeling and Assessing the Spatial and Vertical Distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and How the Concentrations Differ

The Multiple Functions of Melatonin: Applications in the Military Setting

Environmental monitoring of the Capo Frasca military training site (West Sardinia): Operability and environmental protection balanced plan

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