Environmental Impact of Energy Recovery from Waste Tyres

Gieré, Reto; LaFree, Sara T.; Carleton, Loran E.; Tishmack, Jody K.

doi:10.1002/chin.200618272

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Accumulation of waste tyre rubber is a considerable environmental challenge in many countries (Adhikari et al 2000;Gieré et al 2004). These solid wastes contain sulfur, zinc oxide (ZnO), stearic acid, carbon black, proprietary additives and bead wires (Steudel and Steudel 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of sulfur-oxidising bacteria to hasten degradation of ground rubber particles in soil for release of zinc as a fertiliser to correct deficiency in wheat

2019

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Previous research has shown that ground rubber from tyres can be used to supply fertiliser zinc (Zn) for prevention of Zn-deficiency in crops, and that inoculation of the ground rubber with several bacterial species hastens the release of Zn to the soil. We evaluated the ability of several microbial combinations to speed the release of Zn from ground rubber and to decrease soil pH to favour phytoavailability of Zn to crops. In a batch experiment, treatment combinations of two rates of ground crumb rubber (nil or 300mg kg–1, equal to 0 or 3.4mg Zn kg–1) and 24 bacterial inoculants were incorporated into a Zn-deficient calcareous soil. In a pot experiment, two wheat cultivars were grown on the soil without or with ground rubber amendment or with equivalent Zn from ZnSO4 (15mg kg–1) in combination with two selected microbial treatments. All microbial treatments significantly decreased soil pH at week 3, most notably the inoculant comprising Rhodococcus erythropolis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (RA)+Pseudomonas putida P41 (P1)+mixed Thiobacillus spp. (Mt). In the presence of tyre rubber, soil pH at week 10 was still significantly lower than the initial value, and soil DTPA-extractable Zn concentration increased until week 6 and then remained unchanged or slightly reduced at week 10. The greatest increase in DTPA-Zn concentration occurred with the RA inoculation. Microbial inoculation treatments were classified by cluster analysis into eight groups based on soil pH and concentrations of iron (Fe) and Zn. Group 8 produced the lowest pH and highest concentrations of DTPA-Fe ( average 6.92mg kg–1) and DTPA-Zn (average 2.67mg kg–1). Inoculations with RA and with RA+P1+T. thioparus were the most effective in hastening an increase in DTPA-extractable Zn and significantly enhanced Zn uptake by wheat plants, whereas inoculations with P. putida P168 and with RA+P2+Mt were most effective in decreasing soil pH and increasing plant Fe concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of sulfur-oxidising bacteria to hasten degradation of ground rubber particles in soil for release of zinc as a fertiliser to correct deficiency in wheat

2019

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“…Active management programs in the USA remarket used tires as fuel (37.7%), ground rubber (24.6%), civil engineering materials (18.0%), exports (8.0%), and for other purposes (3.4%), while the remaining tires are landfilled (13%), baled with no market (0.9 %), or unaccounted for (4.6%) (RMA, 2013). Tires are an attractive chemical commodity, construction material, and solid fuel, due to their high energy density of 29-37 MJ kg −1 (Giere et al, 2004). The storage and reuse of tires requires attention to their potential environmental impact, including leaching and open-air burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncontrolled combustion of shredded tires in a landfill – Part 1: Characterization of gaseous and particulate emissions

Downard

Singh

Bullard

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

110

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In summer 2012, a landfill liner comprising an estimated 1.3 million shredded tires burned in Iowa City, Iowa. During the fire, continuous monitoring and laboratory measurements were used to characterize the gaseous and particulate emissions and to provide new insights into the qualitative nature of the smoke and the quantity of pollutants emitted. Significant enrichments in ambient concentrations of CO, CO2, SO2, particle number (PN), fine particulate (PM2.5) mass, elemental carbon (EC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were observed. For the first time, PM2.5 from tire combustion was shown to contain PAH with nitrogen heteroatoms (a.k.a. azaarenes) and picene, a compound previously suggested to be unique to coal-burning. Despite prior laboratory studies’ findings, metals used in manufacturing tires (i.e. Zn, Pb, Fe) were not detected in coarse particulate matter (PM10) at a distance of 4.2 km downwind. Ambient measurements were used to derive the first in situ fuel-based emission factors (EF) for the uncontrolled open burning of tires, revealing substantial emissions of SO2 (7.1 g kg−1), particle number (3.5×1016 kg−1), PM2.5 (5.3 g kg−1), EC (2.37 g kg−1), and 19 individual PAH (totaling 56 mg kg−1). A large degree of variability was observed in day-to-day EF, reflecting a range of flaming and smoldering conditions of the large-scale fire, for which the modified combustion efficiency ranged from 0.85-0.98. Recommendations for future research on this under-characterized source are also provided.

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“…There is a similar lack of detailed studies of primary PM emitted from power plants, which combust blends of coal and waste tires. Combustion of tires has become the most important alternative to disposal and stockpiling (25). Tires make good fuel because, compared to coal, they have high heat contents but are low in both moisture and nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tires make good fuel because, compared to coal, they have high heat contents but are low in both moisture and nitrogen. Partial replacement of conventional fuels with whole or shredded tires (known as tire-derived fuel or TDF) can lead to substantial reductions of some environmental pollutants and considerable increases in others (25). Thus, the use of tire fuel has environmental impacts that must be weighed against the benefits of reducing the large volume of tires in the global waste stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEM Study of PM_2.5 Emitted from Coal and Tire Combustion in a Thermal Power Station

Gieré

Blackford

Smith

2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

111

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The research presented here was conducted within the scope of an experiment investigating technical feasibility and environmental impacts of tire combustion in a coal-fired power station. Previous work has shown that combustion of a coal+tire blend rather than pure coal increased bulk emissions of various elements (e.g., Zn, As, Sb, Pb). The aim of this study is to characterize the chemical and structural properties of emitted single particles with dimensions <2.5 microm (PM2.5). This transmission electron microscope (TEM)-based study revealed that, in addition to phases typical of coal fly ash (e.g., aluminum-silicate glass, mullite), the emitted PM2.5 contains amorphous selenium particles and three types of crystalline metal sulfates never reported before from stack emissions. Anglesite, PbSO4, is ubiquitous in the PM2.5 derived from both fuels and contains nearly all Pb present in the PM. Gunningite, ZnSO4-H2O, is the main host for Zn and only occurs in the PM derived from the coal+tire blend, whereas yavapaiite, KFe3+(SO4)2, is present only when pure coal was combusted. We conclude that these metal sulfates precipitated from the flue gas, may be globally abundant aerosols, and have, through hydration or dissolution, a major environmental and health impact.

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Environmental Impact of Energy Recovery from Waste Tyres

Abstract: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Ability of sulfur-oxidising bacteria to hasten degradation of ground rubber particles in soil for release of zinc as a fertiliser to correct deficiency in wheat

Ability of sulfur-oxidising bacteria to hasten degradation of ground rubber particles in soil for release of zinc as a fertiliser to correct deficiency in wheat

Uncontrolled combustion of shredded tires in a landfill – Part 1: Characterization of gaseous and particulate emissions

TEM Study of PM_2.5 Emitted from Coal and Tire Combustion in a Thermal Power Station

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Environmental Impact of Energy Recovery from Waste Tyres

Abstract: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Ability of sulfur-oxidising bacteria to hasten degradation of ground rubber particles in soil for release of zinc as a fertiliser to correct deficiency in wheat

Ability of sulfur-oxidising bacteria to hasten degradation of ground rubber particles in soil for release of zinc as a fertiliser to correct deficiency in wheat

Uncontrolled combustion of shredded tires in a landfill – Part 1: Characterization of gaseous and particulate emissions

TEM Study of PM2.5 Emitted from Coal and Tire Combustion in a Thermal Power Station

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Product

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TEM Study of PM_2.5 Emitted from Coal and Tire Combustion in a Thermal Power Station