Environmental impact of emerging contaminants from battery waste: A mini review

Melchor-Martínez, Elda M.; Macías-Garbett, Rodrigo; Malacara-Becerra, Alonso; Iqbal, Hafiz M.N.; Sosa‐Hernández, Juan Eduardo; Parra‐Saldívar, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100104

Cited by 76 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In addition to coastal and urban environments (Melchor‐Martínez et al., 2021; Mrozik et al., 2021), lithium pollution could be a concern in agroecosystems. Lithium ion is a monovalent with a small atomic radius.…”

Section: Lithium In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated to be over 450,000 t in 2025 (Bae & Kim, 2021). However, only 2–5% of total lithium wastes are currently collected and recycled (Bae & Kim, 2021; Melchor‐Martínez et al., 2021). If we do not implement appropriate actions to encourage reuse and recycle, large amounts of lithium battery waste may be generated and many of them will end up in landfills or waste incinerators, increasing risks for lithium to the environment.…”

Section: Urgent Requirements For a Proactive Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proactive approach to minimize lithium pollution

Chow

2022

J of Env Quality

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With the advancements in lithium-ion battery technology, lithium has been extensively used in many electronic products. Lithium usage is expected to increase in the coming decades. Elevated levels of lithium in the environments, including source water and biota, have been recently reported. Lithium can cause soil dispersion and aggerate swelling and can be readily taken up by plants and filter-feeders, potentially causing toxicity to plants, organisms, and human. As learnt from the reactive approach of the Clean Water Act, many emerging pollutants have not been recognized until they have been widespread and reached dangerous levels in the environments.Aftermath cleanup costs are huge, and many of these damages are irreversible. To avoid lithium being the next global contaminant of emerging concern, environmental agencies shall implement proactive regulation and education soon.

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Section: Lithium In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urgent Requirements For a Proactive Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proactive approach to minimize lithium pollution

Chow

2022

J of Env Quality

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“…In the long term, such solutions are likely to have an adverse impact on the environment, as well as human health. For instance, lithium-ion batteries have drawbacks such as limited charge capacity, and thus their disposal will substantially contribute to environmental pollution due to the use of toxic materials. − On the other hand, longer use of conventional power stations, which depend on dwindling stock of fossil fuels, will only cause a delay in attaining the global net zero emission target. Noting these limitations, innovative green solutions are needed to power distributed sensor networks and mobile electronics and, in this regard, energy sources available in our natural environment such as wind, rain, light, ocean waves, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisource Energy Harvester on Textile and Plants for Clean Energy Generation from Wind and Rainwater Droplets

Min,

Khandelwal,

Dahiya

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Distributed, clean, and sustainable energy solutions are needed to power sensor networks in applications such as the Internet of Things, digital agriculture, forests, smart homes, etc. Despite exploring various energy harvesters, their outputs achieved thus far are insufficient for driving low-power electronics in many of the abovementioned emerging applications. Herein, we present a textile-based multisource energy harvester, which can generate electricity from two clean energy sources, namely, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and droplet-based electricity generator (DEG). The materials for the energy device are carefully selected, and their physical properties are tuned for higher energy output, primarily considering the following criteria: (i) maximum difference in the electron affinities, (ii) surface texturization, and (iii) hydrophobicity. The device mimics the water-repellent behavior of the lotus leaves ("lotus effect") to achieve a highly hydrophobic textile surface and enhance the output power. The optimized TENG part of the device generates 252 V and 57.6 μA during contact mode mechanical excitations and the DEG produces high output voltage and current of 113 V and 67 μA from waterdrops. Finally, the real-life application of the presented multisource energy harvesters is demonstrated by designing them as leaves of a synthetic plant, harvesting energy from wind and rain droplets to power light-emitting diodes.

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“…Interest in energy harvesting for low power and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices has increased substantially to save on battery replacement and also reduce the use of non-regulated contaminants in currentlyused batteries as some of these can be environmentally problematic [1]. Fortunately, due to advances in electronic technologies, the power requirement of IoT devices has been reduced to a point where extracting energy from the surroundings could supply enough power for such units [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%