Environmental impact assessment of veterinary drug on fish aquaculture for food safety

Abstract

The degradation of veterinary drugs approved for use in aquaculture is very important in the evaluation of the impact of these drugs on the environment and to ensure safe food production. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance on how the interpretation of environmental fate data can be used by applicants to aid in protecting the environment and for the basis for food production, by suggesting the correct interpretation of data as part of an effective registration process. Tests were performed using a modification of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 308 guideline using erythromycin and oxolinic acid under combinations of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with and without sediment, in sea water and fresh water. Estimated DT 50 s of erythromycin in fresh and sea water ranged from 6.8 to 37.9 days and estimated DT 90 s were from 22.6 to 125.9 days. Degradation was more rapid in fresh water than in sea water with the formation of three degradation products: anhydroerythomycin A, erythromycin A enol ether, and pseudoerythomycin A enol ether. Estimated DT 50 s of oxolinic acid in fresh and sea water were from 10.3 to 63.0 days and estimated DT 90 s were from 34.3 to 209.4 days which suggests that oxolinic acid is more persistent in the environment than erythromycin.

Insights into the Fate and Removal of Antibiotics in Engineered Biological Treatment Systems: A Critical Review

“…However, very little is known about their biodegradability, possible biotransformation products, and pathways in biological treatment systems. A few studies reported that ERY could be degraded by pure and mixed cultures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. − Recently, a pure bacterial strain Ochrobactrum sp. isolated from ERY contaminated soil demonstrated high degradation potential with maximum removal of 97% at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, and the biotransformation products indicated the removal of both the sugar moieties from macrolactone ring structure .…”

Multi-pharmaceuticals analysis in fish by continuous series solid-phase extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS

“…These antibiotics are synthetic substrates with broadspectrum antimicrobial activity, and are used mainly for human and veterinary infectious diseases treatment. At the moment, the residues of antibiotics have been present in worldwide environment samples including the water sample [13]. Toxicological studies have shown that SAs can lead to blood disorders, liver damage, cancer and tumours [14].…”

Preface to the proceedings of the SASKVAL III international workshop on validation and regulatory analysis

“…An understanding of the fate of veterinary drugs administered to fish in aquatic systems might aid in more effective prevention and treatment of diseases of aquatic animals, for environmental conservation and for food safety. Kwon describes a study that was conducted to investigate the fate of erythromycin and oxolinic acid in aquatic systems for the effective use of remedies, prevention of fish diseases and environmental conservation which reflect the marine and fresh water aquaculture systems in Korea.…”