Environmental Impact Assessment of a 1 kW Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A Mid-Point and End-Point Analysis
Olubayo Moses Babatunde,
Busola Dorcas Akintayo,
Michael Uzoamaka Emezirinwune
et al.
Abstract:Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are highly regarded as a promising technology for renewable energy generation; however, the environmental burden in their life cycle is a subject of concern. This study aimed to assess the environmental impact of producing a 1 kW PEMFC by a well-detailed cradle-to-gate evaluation, using mid-point and end-point impact assessment methods. The environmental impacts are related to the extraction of raw materials, consumption of energy, and transportation processes. Mid-… Show more
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