Environmental impact assessment as a tool for environmental restoration: the case study of Copşa-Mică area, romania

An Incursion into Actuality: Addressing the Precautionary Principle in the Context of the Circular Economy

“…In addition to the two aspects reported, in the case of Sometra, a series of other pollutants were also identified in the form of powders and gases in which the content of lead and other toxic metals (cadmium, sulfur, zinc) was recorded [72,[74][75][76][77][78][79]. Even in this case, the CE and PP implementation methods were not applied, which led to a high degree of water, air, and soil pollution.…”

Developing Public Policy Options for Access to Drinking Water in Peripheral, Disaster and Polluted Rural Areas: A Case Study on Environment-Friendly and Conventional Technologies

“…According to Sencovici [22], low contamination means an overpassing below 0.5%, moderate is between 0.5%-1%, high is between 1%-5%, very high is between 5%-10%, and excessive is over 10% of the legal thresholds established for each of the identified pollutants. Even if deteriorations manifest usually at local or regional level, most of the time, the expected consequences are global, and environmental decline impacts upon human security and welfare [23].…”

The Influence of Substitution of Fly Ash with Marble Dust or Blast Furnace Slag on the Properties of the Alkali-Activated Geopolymer Paste

“…In the case of Romania, a specific case that supports this example is that of the SOMETRA non-ferrous metal plant, Copsa Mică, Sibiu County, which, at the time of sale, had a clause in the contract requiring the buyer to "green the slag waste dump". This contractual obligation concerned "the greening of the current landfill by waterproofing the slopes, covering it with a layer of clay, covering it with a layer of fertile soil and fixing it with a vegetable carpet" [42][43][44][45][46], followed by "the construction of a new ecological landfill on a new site with waterproofing of the substrate, a drainage and collection system for the rainwater percolating down the ramp, a neutralization and dewatering station for the resulting water and its discharge into a surface watercourse" [42][43][44][45][46]. According to Mangau et al [35], respecting the principle of prevention would have required a risk analysis of the complex situation in this case, since, in addition to the main waste, blast furnace slag, there are several other atmospheric, soil and/or water pollutants, the entire ecosystem being affected, and there is also a major risk factor in terms of the health of the population [42][43][44][45][46].…”

“…This contractual obligation concerned "the greening of the current landfill by waterproofing the slopes, covering it with a layer of clay, covering it with a layer of fertile soil and fixing it with a vegetable carpet" [42][43][44][45][46], followed by "the construction of a new ecological landfill on a new site with waterproofing of the substrate, a drainage and collection system for the rainwater percolating down the ramp, a neutralization and dewatering station for the resulting water and its discharge into a surface watercourse" [42][43][44][45][46]. According to Mangau et al [35], respecting the principle of prevention would have required a risk analysis of the complex situation in this case, since, in addition to the main waste, blast furnace slag, there are several other atmospheric, soil and/or water pollutants, the entire ecosystem being affected, and there is also a major risk factor in terms of the health of the population [42][43][44][45][46]. When considering slag properties, it is of interest to analyze its chemical composition to assess the possibility of using this waste as a raw material in the production of alkali-activated geopolymer materials, namely the so-called "green concrete".…”