Environmental Impact Assessment and Hydraulic Modelling of Different Flood Protection Measures

Abstract

The most appropriate method to protect settlements and economically important sites from flood hazard, is the implementation of flood protection measures in stream catchments and protected localities, which contribute to reduce the peak flow and distribution of the flood wave over a longer period of time. If such measures are not realistic or ineffective, it is necessary to focus on flood protection directly on the area of the protected side or its vicinity. Where the lag time between the flood threat detection and actual flood onset is short, one possible measure is to increase the capacity of the watercourse, very often in combination with other flood mitigation measures in the protected area. The engineering approach to flood protection is the subject of many scientific research studies. Permission for flood protection structures depends on their environmental impact assessment (EIA), according to Law no. 24/2002 Coll. on Environmental Impact Assessment in the Slovak Republic, annex no. 8 (list of activities subject to EIA). Based on the EIA, it is possible to select the best alternative of flood protection, i.e., the alternative with the lowest risk impact on the environment. This paper aims to analyse the flood protection measures along the Lukavica stream (central Slovakia), applying hydraulic models. The best alternative with the lowest impact on the environment, assessed using the risk analysis method, consists of detention reservoir construction. An effective combination of environmental impact assessment and hydraulic modelling contribute to the selection of an effective flood protection measure in the territory.

Evaluation of precipitation measurements using a standard rain gauge in relation to data from a precision lysimeter

“…Reliable precipitation measurement is important for hydrological, climatological and agricultural purposes, such as irrigation planning, drinking water resource management, drought and flood research, hydrological modelling, etc. (Almikaeel et al, 2022;Gomes and Blanco, 2021;Hu et al, 2021;Markovič et al, 2021;O'Keeffe et al, 2019;Šoltész et al, 2021). According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), atmospheric precipitation is defined as water that, due to condensation, reaches the earth's surface in a liquid or solid state from the clouds (WMO, 2021).…”

Determination of sedimentation speed of soil micro-particles from laser diffraction measurements

“…During these processes, the retention properties and hydrodynamics of the unsaturated zone of the soil profile change significantly. Knowledge of these properties is essential for the investigation and numerical simulation of the water regime of heavy soils (Gomboš, 2012;Hašková, 2007;Igaz et al, 2011;Skalová et al, 2015;Šoltész et al, 2021;Velísková, 2010;Gomboš et al, 2019;Števulová et al, 2017;Gomboš et al, 2018a;Šoltész et al, 2019;Tall et al, 2019;Dulovičová et al, 2021;Zvala et al, 2021;Taubner et al, 2009). So far, many laboratory procedures for measuring settling rate have been based on sedimentation methods, the theoretical basis of which is the Stokes equation.…”