“…The next step in this research would be to assess a course that is similar to SOP in terms of content and instructors but differs in being principally classroom-and/or lecturebased (Kern & Carpenter, 1986;Lisowski & Disinger, 1991). This opportunity exists at the University of Arizona, where a course entitled Environmental History of the Southwest (EHSW) also covers geology, ecology and cultural history, though, of the entire American Southwest as opposed to just the Tucson area (Sheppard, Hallman, & Towner, 2008). EHSW is currently being assessed for pedagogical effectiveness, again with the word association technique, for the purpose of comparing it with SOP.…”