Environmental governance with Chinese characteristics: are environmental model cities a good example for other municipalities?

Abstract

Model programs such as the 'environmental protection model city' have become an inherent part of China's urban environmental governance. The role of these incentive schemes for promoting best practice, however, has been neglected so far. In this study, we show that model city programs raise the bar in terms of environmental standards. What is more, model cities have a positive impact on regional economic development. We deploy a spatial Durbin model to measure best practice diffusion among 126 key environmental protection cities between 2009 and 2012. The results suggest that environmental model cities are better performers on average. We also find evidence for a positive spillover effect. Diffusion patterns are multi-layered where economic proximity is the most important dimension, followed by physical colocation and administrative hierarchy.

Informed Enforcement: Lessons from Pollution Monitoring in China

“…7 As part of the National Air Quality Action Plan, these cities were simultaneously targeted by a number of additional policies aimed at reducing air pollution (MEP, 2013). 8 The second phase was implemented in 2014 for the 87 designated "environmental role model cities", which face stricter and more frequent evaluation of environmental performance (MEP, 2011;Brehm and Svensson, 2020). The primary aim of the first two phases was to automate old manual monitors, since 70% of these cities already had pollution monitoring in place.…”