Environmental friendly application of ultrasonic rays for extraction of natural colorant from Harmal (P. harmala) for dyeing of bio-mordanted silk

Abstract

Global heat, carcinogenic, and viral diseases created due to industrial pollutants has led people to shift toward natural products particularly natural dyes in all walks of life. In this study, U.S. rays up-to 60 min, were used to extract the color in aqueous medium and employed onto silk fabric at selected conditions. It has been observed that good color strength has been found when 30 mL of acidic extract ( pH = 4.0) obtained from 6.0 g of Harmal powder containing 3.0 g/100 mL of salt as an exhausting agent was employed onto the US treated silk at 65ºC for 55 min. The utilization of the extract obtained from 7% of pomegranate as post-bio-mordant, 3% of acacia extract as meta-bio-mordant, and 7% of henna extract as meta-bio-mordants has given excellent color strength. In comparison, 5% of Al salt as meta mordant, 5% of Fe salt as pre mordant, and 7% of tannic acid as meta-mordant has given better results. ISO standard methods for fastness employed onto optimum mordanted dyed fabrics have given well to excellent fastness ratings. Hence, natural colorant extracted from Harmal seeds has excellent coloring efficacy to dye silk fabric under sustainable conditions, whereas the addition of eco-friendly mordants for shade development process has made the coloration of silk more sustainable with improved colorfastness properties.

Impact of MW rays on extraction and application ofFicus religiosabark based natural colourant for cotton dyeing

“…During bio-mordanting the OH of bio-mordants as functional sites interacts with -OH of tannin and -OH of cellulosic unit to produce fast and strong colours. 41,42 Here during bio-mordanting the additional conjugation extra H-bonding and fabric surface after tunning show promising role to give fast shades of high strength. 43 Hence overall the sustainable anchors are giving excellent results, where after M.W.…”

“…The good to excellent fastness properties is due to stable complex formation by Al and Fe onto fabric with dye and extra H-bonding formed by -OH of tannic acid with -OH of colourant and -OH of cellulosic unit. 27,42 Similarly, using plant molecules the phenolic unit of bio-anchor, -OH of cellulosic unit as well as -OH of tannin from Peepal bark via additional bonding furnish firm shade. 44,45 Hence microwave rays for surface modification of fabric to enhance uptake-ability of colourant and taken low amount of mordant to furnish colour fast shade…”

Eco-friendly bio-dyeing of bio-treated nylon fabric using Esfand (P. harmala) based yellow natural colorant

“…The alkaloids present in extract which act as the source of natural yellow dye for textiles. 9,10 Hence the medicinal-based plants colorants (natural dyes) are found as a possible substitute of carcinogenic synthetic dyes. 11,12 The utilization of harmal seeds have been first time has been explored by our research group onto cotton, silk, wool, and nylon fabrics.…”

Environmentally friendly dyeing of wool yarns using of combination of bio‐mordants and natural dyes

“…To provide the best environmental conditions, researchers have evaluated the use of ultrasonic method for dye extraction and dyeing of fibers 4,5 . However, natural colorants have some limitations such as poor color yield and low rating of color fastness 6 . For improving the fastness rating, chemicals such as Al 3+ , Cu 2+ , Cr 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 2+ , and so forth are used.…”