Environmental Fate of Trifluralin

Grover, R.; Wolt, Jeffrey D.; Cessna, Allan J.; Schiefer, H. B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2302-3_1

Cited by 94 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…The seasonal change in trifluralin concentrations marked by higher levels in March might be due to enhanced photodegradation of trifluralin during the summer months resulting in a decline in concentrations in surface waters, since sunlight-induced photodegradation is a known removal process for this chemical. [37] The influence of riverine input To investigate the influence of riverine input, additional surface water samples were taken from the estuaries of the rivers Elbe and Weser in 2011 (the same season as the February 2010 campaign). The samples were analysed in exactly the same way as the 2010 water samples and these results are presented in Table S14.…”

Section: Seawater Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Currently used pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes in the air and seawater of the German Bight (North Sea)

et al. 2012

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Environmental context. The occurrence of pesticides in remote areas such as high mountains and the Arctic demands an understanding of their regional environmental fate. We investigate the levels and sources of currently used pesticides and legacy pesticides in the air and seawater of the German Bight. Volatilisation from local surfaces and long-range transport were the major sources of these chemicals to the air, whereas riverine input and atmospheric deposition by air-seawater exchange were the main sources of these chemicals to the seawater.Abstract. Surface seawater and air samples collected from the German Bight (North Sea) in March, May and July 2010 were analysed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), five currently used pesticides (CUPs) (trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, dacthal and quintozene) and pentachloroanisole (metabolite). Volatilisation from local surfaces was considered to be the main source of these chemicals to the air (excluding trifluralin). Long-range transport from Western Europe partly contributed to the higher air concentrations observed in July whereas riverine input was the main source for HCHs and pentachloroanisole in seawater in March. Air-sea gas exchange of HCB and a-HCH in the German Bight was found to be near equilibrium, probably reflecting the past use of these chemicals, their wide dispersal in the environment and lack of contemporary use. Deposition of target compounds from the air to seawater was observed to be much higher in July compared with depositional fluxes for March and May, except for chlorpyrifos (with volatilisation fluxes in all sampling periods: ,25 ng m À2 day À1 ). Concentrations of trifluralin in seawater appear to have decreased since its restriction of use in European Union member states, with net volatilisation from seawater observed in March (flux: 6.3 AE 7.2 ng m À2 day À1 ). With the exception of chlorpyrifos, our results indicate that volatilisation from local sources combined with long-range transport from Western Europe and subsequent deposition are important pathways for these compounds to German Bight seawater during summer periods.

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Section: Seawater Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Currently used pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes in the air and seawater of the German Bight (North Sea)

et al. 2012

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“…Para outras culturas, os herbicidas têm sido utilizados com frequência, devido ao menor custo e fácil manuseio (Silva et al, 2007b). No caso particular do quiabo, não existem opções de controle além do trifluralin, que apresenta uma série de riscos ambientais, intervalo de segurança não determinado, além da necessidade de incorporação ao solo devido ao risco da fotodegradação (Grover et al, 1997;Rodrigues & Almeida, 2005). O manejo integrado de plantas daninhas (MIPD) inclui diversas práticas de controle, sendo as mais importantes aquelas ligadas ao controle cultural, ou seja, adotar uma série de estratégias para que a cultura vença a competição com as plantas daninhas, diminuindo os custos com a capina.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do quiabo

et al. 2010

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Interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do quiabo ... ABSTRACT -An experiment was carried out under field conditions in Médio Vale do Rio Doce-MG, from May to October, 2007, to establish periods of weed interference in Abelmoschus esculentus crop. 'Santa Cruz-47' seeds were sown in a 0.25 x 1.0 m spacing, and weed control times varied from 0 to 120 days after emergence (DAE). Number of fruit per plant and yield as well as values in days for Period Previous to Interference (PPI), Critical Prevention Period of Interference (CPPI) and Total Period of Interference Prevention (TPIP) were determined, considering 5% loss. Plants from the species studied were placed in the plots, isolated or in competition with A. esculentus, aiming to to evaluate the competitive capacity of the main weeds. Area, number of leaves and plant height of A. esculentus were evaluated.Yield and number of fruit presented a similar behavior. The estimated PPI was 25 days, indicating when to start weed control. The CPPI observed was 75 days, indicating 100 days for TPIP. Among the weeds evaluated, Eleusine indica showed the highest competitive capacity against the the crop.

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“…Grover et al, 1997 on trifluralin, Roberts et al, 2002 on paraquat, Krutz et al, 2010 on s-triazines…). In soil and sediment, photolysis only occurs on the surface and could be so regarded as marginal in comparison to biodegradation and hydrolysis, although there are notorious exceptions such as for example in the case of the herbicide trifluralin that is strongly vulnerable to sunlight (Grover et al, 1997). Photolysis may also be promoted by the presence of MnVI and Fe(III) but their concentrations are usually quickly reduced with depth (Knights et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%