Environmental Fate and Effects of Road Run-Off

Gillis, Patricia L.; Parrott, Joanne L.; Helm, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/s00244-021-00906-3

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As for the toxic symptoms caused by the 6PPD-quinone, silver salmon showed spinning and exhibited a loss of balance and fish-surface cracking within 90 min, and died within 5 h after being exposed to 20 μg/L 6PPD-quinone. Therefore, prevalent 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone in freshwater bodies has been estimated to be the main reason for the acute death of silver salmon in Seattle, WA, USA [ 7 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Toxic Effects Of Antioxidants and Tpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rubber antioxidant might be released into the environment during the life cycle of tires, and especially the wear of automobile tires [ 60 , 61 ]. The antioxidants and TPs carried by TWPs were transported into river or soil through runoff [ 57 , 62 , 63 ], while those in the smaller tire particles could even enter the atmosphere during the life-cycle of automobile tires. Previous studies have revealed that only 12% of tire particles finally reached the surface water, whereas up to 67% entered soil, and the rest entered the atmospheric environment [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact Of Antioxidant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Hao

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. However, recent studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which led to great public concern about environmental occurrence and potential impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs. In this review, we first summarize the category and application of rubber antioxidants in the world, and then demonstrate the formation mechanism of their TPs in the environment, emphasizing their influence on the ozone oxidative degradation. The potential toxic effects of antioxidants and their TPs are further reviewed to improve understanding of their biological health impact and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental occurrences of antioxidants and their TPs are summarized and their environmental impacts are demonstrated based on the recent studies. Due to the currently limited understanding on the toxic and biological effects of these compounds, further studies are required in order to better assess various TPs of these antioxidants and their environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future.

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Section: Toxic Effects Of Antioxidants and Tpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact Of Antioxidant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Hao

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…These effects may be most significant for mussel glochidia (Gillis et al, 2022), which would further exacerbate the proliferation of invasive species in the Canadian inland waters (Coldsnow & Relyea 2017;Richburg et al, 2001). While mollusks and amphibians in Escarpment watersheds are particularly vulnerable to toxic effects from exposure to high-[Cl] (particularly in watersheds home to endangered mussels such as TEW_SW), underexplored differences in water hardness could subsequently provide a neutralizing effect on the toxicity of chloride (Roy et al, 2015).…”

Section: Policy and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Exceedances of Chloride Water Quality Guidelines in Niagara Escarpment Streams Around Hamilton, Ontario Using High- Frequency Data

Weatherson

2024

Preprint

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<p>Though stream chloride concentrations ([Cl]) have been shown to be increasing in cold regions worldwide, the frequency and duration of exceedances of the freshwater chronic and acute guidelines for safe exposure of aquatic life to chloride are understudied. Streamwater [Cl] for nine watersheds located along the Niagara Escarpment around Hamilton, Ontario were modeled using concentration-conductivity regressions with high frequency specific conductivity data between March 2020 and June 2021. Analyses of [Cl] dynamics at these sites suggests that stream [Cl] occasionally exceeds the Canadian acute guideline and regularly exceeds the chronic guideline. This study highlights the dilution of stream [Cl] by precipitation events in the non-salting season, which may provide temporary relief to aquatic organisms from otherwise toxic [Cl]. These results will help ecotoxicologists identify ecologically relevant exposure durations, ultimately serving to better inform regional understanding of the risk presented to Niagara Escarpment ecosystems from increasing [Cl] concentrations.</p>

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“…Impairment of streamwater quality from urban stormwater runoff due to contaminants (nutrients, pathogens, and chemicals) from impervious surfaces and roadways is a well-established concern receiving increasing attention. − Contaminants associated with tire rubber, including chemical additives and tire wear particles (TWP), have emerged as a concern with the recognition that TWP are an important microplastic source − and with the demonstrated toxicity of TWP and leachates to aquatic organisms including fish. ,, In particular, the tire rubber antioxidant N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD) reacts with ozone to form several transformation products − including 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q; 2-anilino-5-(4-methylpentan-2-ylamino)-cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione), which has been identified as the chemical responsible for causing “urban mortality syndrome” in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tire-Additive Transformation Product 6PPD-Quinone in Urban-Impacted Watersheds

Helm,

Raby,

Kleywegt

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Urban stormwater is a conduit for pollutants such as nutrients and tire-wear compounds through streams to the Great Lakes receiving waters. The transformation product of tire antiozonant 6PPD, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), is implicated in causing fish mortality. Urban streams entering Lake Ontario and waters adjacent to urban centers in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, were assessed for 6PPD-Q and its potential to impact aquatic life. Sampling occurred during fall and spring dry-and wet-weather flows in 2021−2022, overlapping with fish spawning times. Concentrations of 6PPD-Q were elevated during wet-weather (maximum 82 ng/ L) in streams with the greatest degree of urbanization and road density but were much lower (2.4−4.5 ng/L) in nearshore waters, suggesting rapid dilution. Precipitation, road density within watersheds, chloride (from road salts), and total phosphorus were correlated with 6PPD-Q concentrations, suggesting that such parameters may provide a means to identify and prioritize key stream habitats for further assessment. A screening level hazard assessment using application factors of 10−1000 and available toxicity end points for fish (rainbow trout, brook trout, coho salmon) showed that 6PPD-Q concentrations may pose a risk in urban streams and nearshore waters of the region. We recommend that stormwater quality control measures be assessed for their effectiveness in reducing 6PPD-Q concentrations.

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Environmental Fate and Effects of Road Run-Off

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Quantifying Exceedances of Chloride Water Quality Guidelines in Niagara Escarpment Streams Around Hamilton, Ontario Using High- Frequency Data

Assessment of Tire-Additive Transformation Product 6PPD-Quinone in Urban-Impacted Watersheds

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