Environmental fate and aquatic effects of propylbenzenes and trimethylbenzenes: A review

Bioremediation of propylbenzenes by a novel marine microalga Rhinomonas reticulata S6A isolated from Daya Bay: acute toxicity, growth kinetics and biodegradation performance

“…Propylbenzenes have two isomers, n-propylbenzene (n-PBZ) and isopropylbenzene (i-PBZ; cumene). n-PBZ is a typical alkylbenzene that has been widely used as a substitute component of jet fuel and diesel oil due to its moderate molecular weight and chain length, and even electric outboard motors discharge sewage containing n-PBZ directly into the sea (Yuan et al, 2017;Peng et al, 2021). i-PBZ, a pivotal organic chemical raw material, is necessary for the production of phenol and acetone (Gollapudi et al, 2021).…”

“…According to the European System of Behavioral Classification ("SEBC" classification) documented in the Bonn Agreement (Neuparth et al, 2011), the physical behavior of n-PBZ/i-PBZ after entering the sea falls into the category of "floating volatilization" based on its form (colorless oily liquid), solubility (38.6/58.5 mg/L seawater), density (0.86) and saturation vapor pressure (20°C: 0.33/0.43 kPa) (Peng et al, 2021). Based on the predicted values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) , PBZs has a moderate potential (Franke et al, 1994) for accumulation in aquatic organisms and researchers have also detected n-PBZ and i-PBZ in Anguilla, a widely distributed freshwater fish (Roose and Brinkman, 1998;Roose et al, 2003).…”

“…In summary, aquatic organisms showed a low to moderate accumulation capacity for PBZs. Although marine biotoxicity data available for PBZs are insufficient to date, the most sensitive species to n-PBZ and i-PBZ were found to be Skeletonema costatum (96 h-EC 50 = 1.97 mg/L) (Peng, 2020) and Mysidopsis bahia (96 h-LC 50 = 1.3 mg/L) (Peng et al, 2021), respectively. The most tolerant species was Dunaliella salina, with low 96 h-EC 50 values of 8.91 mg/L (n-PBZ) and 14.13 mg/L (i-PBZ) (Peng, 2020).…”

“…In particular, their biodegradation products (e.g. 1phenylpropanol and 3-isopropyleatechol) have been detected (Peng et al, 2021). It is plausible to suggest that, for some microalgae, their tolerance increases in response to chronic exposure due to the induction of enzymatic pathways to counteract the toxic effects (Chen et al, 2015;Xiong et al, 2017a).…”

Biodegradation of mono- and poly aromatic hydrocarbons in a contaminated aquifer originating from a former Pintsch gas factory site

“…This indicates that naphthalene and trimethylbenzenes are the most conservative compounds in the contaminant mix. Tri-substituted alkylbenzenes are less vulnerable to microbial degradation than monosubstituted alkylbenzenes (Peng et al, 2021). Moreover 1,3,5-TMB is recognized as the most conservative degrading aromatic hydrocarbon compound (Aamand et al, 1989;Aronson and Howard, 1997;Baedecker et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2021;Richnow et al, 2003).…”