Environmental Factors and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-A Case-Control Study

Gluten triggers Celiac Disease (CD) and type I diabetes in genetically predisposed population of human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8+ and associates with disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Application of a strict gluten-free diet is the only well-established treatment for patients with CD, whereas the treatment for patients with celiac type I diabetes may be depend on the timing and frequency of the diet. The application of a gluten-free diet in patients with CD may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may also lead to a high glycemic index, low fiber diet and micronutrient deficiencies. The alteration of copper bioavailability (deficient, excess or aberrant coordination) may contribute to the onset and progress of related pathologies. Therefore, nutrient intake of patients on a gluten-free diet should be the focus of future researches. Other gluten-based therapies have been rising with interest such as enzymatic pretreatment of gluten, oral enzyme supplements to digest dietary gluten, gluten removal by breeding wheat varieties with reduced or deleted gluten toxicity, the development of polymeric binders to suppress gluten induced pathology.

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Role of Dietary Gluten in Development of Celiac Disease and Type I Diabetes: Management Beyond Gluten-Free Diet

Pei

Sang

Pei

et al. 2020

CMC

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Association Between Perinatal Risk Factors and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Children

2020

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Background: Perinatal risk factors may contribute to the development of childhood type 1 diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the possible correlation between some perinatal risk factors and the development of diabetes in children. Methods: A case-control study was designed in a Children's Medical Center. We enrolled 100 children aged 2 -15 years with the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and the equal number of age and sex-matched healthy children. We used a questionnaire to collect data regarding some perinatal risk factors such as gestational diabetes mellitus, parental history of diabetes, parental age, preeclampsia, parental smoking, mode of delivery, gender, birth weight, gestational age, order of birth, type of feeding in neonates, and history of prior admission in hospitals during the neonatal period. Results: Children who were exposed to maternal gestational diabetes and preeclampsia were at the increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes with odds ratios of 3.789 and 3.150, respectively. Children with a birth weight of above 4 kg had an increased risk of childhood diabetes with an odds ratio of 4.25. There was no significant association between the other risk factors and the development of childhood diabetes. Conclusions: Avoidance of predisposing factors, appropriate prenatal care, educational programs for improving awareness and knowledge in parents are simple, effective preventive strategies to reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes in children.

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Environmental Factors and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-A Case-Control Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Role of Dietary Gluten in Development of Celiac Disease and Type I Diabetes: Management Beyond Gluten-Free Diet

Role of Dietary Gluten in Development of Celiac Disease and Type I Diabetes: Management Beyond Gluten-Free Diet

Association Between Perinatal Risk Factors and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Children

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